tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8178808834938542372024-02-20T17:56:23.407-08:00Women Show Interestharrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-367539944739594502009-11-08T10:13:00.003-08:002009-11-08T10:13:47.080-08:00How to Attract Women: The Top Ten Ways To Tell If She's Into You (And 6 Signs That She's Not!)No one can deny that body language plays a crucial role in catching girls' attention-and keeping it. Nearly *75%* of signals women send is through body language--so you're not going to find out if she's into you from words alone! Unfortunately, many men miss out on these signals, and thus miss out on the girl. The good news is, if you CAN read a girl's signals, you stand out from the rest of guys, and make yourself all the more attractive! With that said, here are 6 signs that she's not into you, and 10 signs that she is!<br />BAD BODY LANGUAGE<br />
1. Not making eye contact with youlooking around, eyeing her friends, looking anywhere but at you<br />
2. Legs crossedalways a bad sign. This means she's closing herself off to you<br />
3. Arms crossedThis can convey annoyance and impatience. Definitely a bad sign.<br />
4. Hands on her hipsThis can also convey impatience. Not looking good.<br />
5. Leaning backwardsIt's much better when a woman is leaning towards you. If you notice her leaning away from you, keeping her distance, it means you've gotten too close for her comfort and she's not that into you, at least at this point.<br />
6. A weak handshakeDo you shake a girl's hands when you meet her? If you do and notice that hers is weak and she is quick to take back her hand, then she's not very impressed.<br /><br />GOOD BODY LANGUAGE<br />
1. She looks down when you see her and smiles-A very good sign. She's shy but wants you to come over to talk to her.<br />
2. She's twirling her hair around-Definitely into you.<br />
3. Licks her lips-unless you can tell she's screwing with you, this is a very good sign!<br />
4. Open legs-Open legs, open mind. She's open to hearing more from you-and who knows what else.<br />
5. Sideways glance-The classic Hollywood flirtation, this is a coy, seductive way of showing her interest<br />
6. Fondling a cylindrical object (cigarette, glass, etc.)-VERY good sign! And a hint of what she may have in mind for later on in the evening <br />
7. Fondling her shoe (shoe is slight off her foot, twisting her foot in circles)-This is that classic shy signal that girls use to display interest.<br />
8. The "leg twine"-one leg pressed hard against the other to give the appearance of high muscle tone-very good sign<br />
9. The head toss-If she tosses her hair back over her shoulders, this is definitely a good gesture.<br />
10. Exposed wrists-If she's interested in you, she will gradually display the smooth, soft skin of her wrists to a guy she's interested in. Wrists are actually considered one of the more erotic areas of the body-so if she's showing you this sexual area-go for it!<br /><br />Hope these tips help you out. Remember, none of this will do you any good if you don't follow up on it! If a girl is showing interest, it's up to you to take the next step and show your attraction BACK to her. Tune in to my next article on what YOU as a man must do to successfully attract female attention, using flirtatious body language. Because it's your turn!<br />James Brito is the author of "How to Be Irresistible to Women." His years of dating experience and
international travel have tutored him in the art of meeting and seducing women the world over. His immersion in international dating circles brings forth a gritty, no-nonsense approach to dating and developing relationships necessary for the modern single man.<br />Learn more about how to attract the woman of your dreams at:<br />www.000relationships.com/towomen/<br />James Brito makes it easy to attract and build honest relationships with the women you want. To receive your free 6-part audio mini-course, please visit:<br />www.000relationships.com/towomen/<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-18272445607322183612009-11-08T10:13:00.001-08:002009-11-08T10:13:40.055-08:00How To Read Women's Body LanguageLet's say you're out on the town and you see a beautiful woman that quickly captures your attention and she begins to touch her hair, looks your way, and smile. You were looking at her all this time and you imagine how impossible it would be to ask her out because if you did she would no doubt reject you. In reality, you've just sold yourself short and messed out on an golden opportunity. If you knew how to read women's body language, you would've noticed that she was actually throwing out clues for you to make a move and was clearly attracted to you just as much as you were to her. By learning to read and understand a woman's body language you can prevent chances like this from slipping by you.<br /><br />First of all, what you need to be aware of is that there are to two types of body language, closed and open. Closed signs tell you when a woman isn't interested or doesn't want to be bothered. Meanwhile, the open signs that a woman gives off shows you when a woman is attracted or interested in getting to know you.<br /><br />Close Body Language:<br /><br />The most obvious sign that a woman doesn't want to be bothered is when her arms are folded. This doesn't necessarily mean she doesn't like you or isn't attracted to you but rather simply that she's not in the mood. It's possible that she's uncomfortable, agitated, or again doesn't want to be bothered with meeting men at least at the moment.<br /><br />If you've started a conversation with a woman you've decided to approach and she rolls her eyes it should be a clear sign that she's embarrassed or annoyed with you. The chances of success with a woman who does this are very slim since she's already made up her mind about you. Another fact you should keep in mind and learn to quickly read is if she leans back after you are about to approach her. This the signal that women will give you that they don't want to be around you and that you should back away.<br /><br />Open Body Language:<br /><br />Reaction To Eye Contact<br /><br />One classic example I will use is when a woman flips her hair. When a women flips her hair then afterwards looks your way its an obvious signal that she's attracted to you and wants your full attention.<br /><br />An important thing you should understand is how to read her reaction after eye contact is established. You can tell she's not interested in you if she looks away and does nothing afterwards. However, when a woman shows signs that she has become nervous due to you looking at her then its an obvious she's interested in you.<br /><br />Examples of these signs include doing things like:<br /><br />- Adjusting clothes<br />- Playing with her watch and/or jewelry<br />- Checking her cell phone suddenly<br /><br />Signals While Talking<br /><br />Once you've decided to approach her and begin a conversation, one sign a woman gives you that you've won her over is when she leans forward and seems interested in everything you say. A subtle and subconscious way of a woman showing you a sign that she wants you is if she exposes wrists and has the palm of her hands open. It's her way of telling you that she's willing to be submissive to you.<br /><br />My favorite example of open body language that women show is when they laugh at all or almost all your jokes (whether or not they're funny), continue to smile a lot, and start touching you. It's a clear sign that she's become comfortable with you and that she's really attracted to you. This is one of the best times to make your move to ask her out on a date and get her number.<br /><br />Studies have shown that a woman's body language actually tells you more than half of what she really means even more so than speaking words. With that in mind, while it does make a difference to understand it, it shouldn't be thought of as totally fool proof. Even if a woman's body language is closed to you this shouldn't stop you from actually attempting to start a polite conversation if you really like her.<br /><br />While fear of rejection is something that most men face, the only time you really fail is when you don't try. Usually the worst that could happen is a woman telling you that she's not interested in you. Anything worse then that and it should tell you a good sign that she's not someone you should pursue anyway.<br /><br />Always remember to pay attention to what her body is actually saying but it's up to you to decide on whether or not you'll act on things and how you'll act which really determines your success.<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-59213876714611657372009-11-07T09:28:00.005-08:002009-11-07T09:28:52.512-08:00Seven Things That Women Want From MenIts a question every guy asks himself, every guy struggles with at some point or another, every guy desperately wants to know the answer to:
<br />
<br />WHAT DO WOMEN WANT?
<br />
<br />The answer isnt easy to come by. There are as many answers as there are types of women: young, old; fat, skinny; talkative, quiet; beautiful not so beautiful. They all want different things, different men for their different personalities. Its enough to drive a man crazy! We want to know so badly what it is women desire that Hollywood addressed the age-old question with the movie "What Women Want" (which, Im embarrassed to say, I enjoyed).
<br />
<br />So, surely there must be something ALL women want?
<br />
<br />Thats the good news: There are certain qualities every woman can appreciate. And as men, thats what we need to focus on most. Not on what we THINK they want, but on what we can KNOW they want. Maybe we think being 6′5", wealthy, and jacked like a football player is what every woman wants, but (thankfully) its not. Only certain women want that, and the groupies who only want a millionaire athlete on steroids usually arent even worth your time.
<br />
<br />Its better to focus on the girls YOU really want: the girls who make you feel good, and make you a better man. Empower yourself with a sense of choice, so that you dont waste your time (and theirs) hitting on girls who dont fit with your personality and purpose. The great news is, if you can provide the basic qualities that all women REALLY desire, then getting the girl of your dreams will be easy!
<br />
<br />So lets look at some things we can safely say women want in a manregardless of his size, regardless of his looks, regardless of his wealth.
<br />
<br />1. A demonstrative value. That is, women want to know that their man is someone other women would want. They want a certain "gotta have" quality about their man. This is why, when we go out with a girlfriend, women give us looks and always seem more interested. Its annoying but true: the easiest way to get a girl, is to have one already!
<br />
<br />Naturally, that doesnt mean that you should be hitting on girls when you have a girlfriend. No way! But when you are single, its important to know how to show value. Ive got a great lesson on this in my e-book that will show you everything you need to know: how to make her laugh, how to show a talent, and how to make sure she never leaves you.
<br />
<br />Theres so much to learn, but in short, you want to be a guy girls love to be around, and that other girls want to have! If you dont feel like youre there right now, do your best to be a fun-loving guy who people enjoy being around. Be quick with a smile, and quick with a joke. Even a guy who smiles a lot can be someone girls want. Who doesnt enjoy being around someone whos happy, who lifts the mood of the room?
<br />
<br />2. A man who needs her but not too much. This can greatly value from girl to girl, but basically women DO want to feel appreciated. They just dont want to be obsessed over. Guys, show interest in a woman, and make her feel beautiful and wanted but dont slave over her and make her feel like you cant live without her. Thats just pathetic, and drives women away.
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<br />I wrote a blog on how women want to feel needed. Check it out now if you want to find out how to show your woman the right amount of love.
<br />
<br />3. A feeling of security. Women want to feel safe with a man. They want to know that everythings gonna be all right. This doesnt mean you have to be huge and strong, or have millions in the bank. It just means you have to talk reassuringly to her, look after her safety, and assure her when she needs it that things are going to be OK.
<br />
<br />It also means coming to her protection, when she needs it. If someone is being a jerk to her, stand up for her. If shes being threatened, fight for her. Let her know that you will fight for her, and nothing will get in your way.
<br />
<br />One of the best ways to make her feel confident that you will protect her, of course, is to be
<br />
<br />4. A guy whos in shape. Okay, I said that you dont have to be a professional rugby player to attract women, but that doesnt mean you should let your body slide! Part of a womans evolutionary mechanism says that a man who is strong will protect her and the children, as well as produce strong children. Likewise, a man who is weak will produce weak children, and not be able to protect the family as well (if at all) It may occur subconsciously, but its there.
<br />
<br />So show her your value by being a guy whos well-built, healthy, and athletic. Join a gym, not just to get women but to improve your health and the way you see yourself. Join a martial arts classwho doesnt like a guy who can kick some ass? Youll feel better about yourself, making it easier to pick up girls, and her mating drive will only naturally attract her to you. Its a win-win situation!
<br />
<br />5. Someone whos not boring. Doesnt matter how good looking you are if you bore a woman to tears, shes not gonna stick aroundor even give you a chance, for that matter. Be someone who smiles. Someone whos quick with a laugh. Someone who doesnt take life too seriously, who lets loose. That shows a lot more value than a guy whos stiff and seriouseven if he is good looking or wealthy. Believe me, there are lots of guys who have money, who have good looksbut are single, because theyre dull and not fun to be around.
<br />
<br />6. Someone whos good with her friends. Youve seen it at bars: girls always look to their friends for their approval. Get their friends approval, and you get the girls approval.
<br />
<br />Oftentimes its actually best to concentrate on getting to know the girls group of friends before you spend time talking to her. If you can make her friends laugh and enjoy your company, getting the girl you want will be a piece of cake!
<br />
<br />I really like this piece of advice from Joseph Matthews, aka Thundercat, author of The Art of the Approach, in his free e-newsletter: "Meeting women when they are with their friends is WAY easier than waiting for when they are alone! This is because women with friends feel safe and relaxed, so their defenses arent up."
<br />
<br />Furthermore, he warns that youre not doing your chances any favors by waiting til shes alone: "If you wait until shes by herself to meet her, youre walking into a situation where shes going to be WAY more defensive than usual." So learn to be sociable, and just have fun with her friends! If you can make them enjoy your company, getting your "targets" approval will be a piece of cake.
<br />
<br />This is also where its good to go with girls in the same social network as you you already have the approval of mutual friends. The book, Sex in America, says that 60% of married couples meet through friends, work, or mutual activities. For more information on using networking to your benefit, click here.
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<br />Finally, the trait all women REALLY want: 7. A man with a purpose. Believe me, women dont expect every guy they meet to be worth hundreds of millions of dollars, have more power than the mayor, and be more handsome than Brad Pitt. They dont expect you to be wildly successful. But they DO want you to be headed towards success. They DO want you to have direction. They DO want you to be living up to your potential. And those arent bad expectations to have! Remember, "Behind every great man is a great woman." You may not be at the top just yet, but as long as youre heading there, with goals in life, youre bound to attract women. And more importantly, reach your own personal success.
<br />
<br />I highly suggest you read "The Way of the Superior Man," by David Deida. It details the importance of having a life purpose, both for you and for your girlfriend or wife. The book also explains the very important idea that if someone doesnt fit into your purpose, or detracts you from it, then she isnt worth your time. As I said above, dont just go for any old girl: go for the ones who fit YOU, and who make YOU a better person. Thats what we men should really want!
<br />
<br />I hope all of this advice helps you out as you seek to improve yourself and attract the women who matter to you. Remember that it isnt important to know what the bimbo who wants to spend all your money wants: its important to know what women who want to be with you want. Empower yourself by being choosy, and youll be sure to attract the woman whos right for you.
<br />
<br />Finally, for more information on attracting the specific women you really want, check out my e-book and audio series. Thanks for reading!
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<br />********************************************************************
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<br />James Brito regularly explores topics of attraction. Since 2000, he has helped thousands of men around build confidence and get the women they deserve. To get his free six-part audio mini-course, visit:
<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.000relationships.com/towomen/" class="hft-urls">http://www.000relationships.com/towomen/</a><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-24823344856239531102009-11-07T09:28:00.003-08:002009-11-07T09:28:47.561-08:003 Secrets to Reading the Body Language of WomenFor single guys, trying to meet woman can be a very frustrating process. Even if we go to the right places and find interesting girls, it still can be difficult due to the fact that guys have to be the ones who initiate a conversation.<br />Making the first move can be quite intimidating due to the fact that many guys don't know what to say or how to start talking to women.<br />Even worse, a lot of guys are unsure if a girl will be interested in them.<br />But if you become a master at reading the body language of women, you can avoid that initial uneasiness and have the confidence to approach women.<br />So what is body language?<br />Basically body language is the collection of traits and behavior that all people give off which indicates our conscious (and sub-conscious) feelings. By paying attention to the body language of a woman, you'll be able to tell if she wants you to talk to her.<br />Having this knowledge will make approaching her that much easier. So when you locate a girl that you are interested in, take a look at her body language and pay attention to these three indicators of interest:<br />1) Eye Contact<br />Before even talking to a woman, try to make direct eye contact with her. Often you'll see her looking away quickly and then glancing back at you. If she holds your eye contact, then that is a definite indicator that she has an interest in you.<br />In addition, when she knows that you're looking at her, study how she interacts with her friends and environment. Try to find anything that indicates a level of nervousness. This shows that she is attracted to you and is having trouble composing herself.<br />2) Touching Her Hair<br />For some mysterious reason, women show their interest in a guy by playing with their hair. By watching how she touches her hair, you'll find out her level of interest.<br />Once you make eye contact, study how she touches her hair. The first thing you should look for is if she flips her hair. If you see her toss her hair from one side to the other and then looks directly at you, this indicates that she has some level of desire for you and would like you to engage her in a conversation.<br />Some other hair indicators can include caressing her hair as she talks to her friends or twirling hair around her finger. If you see these actions coupled with looks in your direction, then you're being sent a subtle message.<br />3) Pointing Her Body Towards You<br />A powerful way to find out if a woman likes you is to watch how she positions her body after making initial eye contact. If she positions her body in your general direction, then this shows she is attracted to you.<br />When studying her, you are basically looking for certain indicators which demonstrate a subconscious desire for you to talk to her. Some gestures can include:<br /><br /> Feet pointing towards you<br />
Exposing her wrists in your direction<br />
Widening her legs<br /><br />If you see any maneuver from a woman which indicates an "opening up", she is telling you that she is attracted and wants you to initiate a conversation.<br />By paying attention to the body language of women, you can find out their level of desire without even speaking a word. If you're the shy type, then this is a great way to build confidence before making your first move.<br />So next time you're looking for women, take some time to check out what they are saying to you without speaking a word.<br />Scott Patterson is a master at meeting, approaching, and attracting women. Check out his free ecourse and discover how you can also succeed with women:<br />www.chickmagnet101.com/succeed-with-women.html<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-10173757777644178212009-11-07T09:28:00.001-08:002009-11-07T09:28:42.698-08:007 Things That Women Want (and How to Give It to Them!)It's a question every guy asks himself, every guy struggles with at some point or another, every guy desperately wants to know the answer to:<br />WHAT DO WOMEN WANT?<br />The answer isn't easy to come by. There are as many answers as there are types of women: young, old; fat, skinny; talkative, quiet; beautiful not so beautiful. They all want different things, different men for their different personalities. It's enough to drive a man crazy! We want to know so badly what it is women desire that Hollywood addressed the age-old question with the movie "What Women Want" (which, I'm embarrassed to say, I enjoyed).<br />So, surely there must be something ALL women want?<br />That's the good news: There are certain qualities every woman can appreciate. And as men, that's what we need to focus on most. Not on what we THINK they want, but on what we can KNOW they want. Maybe we think being 6′5", wealthy, and jacked like a football player is what every woman wants, but (thankfully) it's not. Only certain women want that, and the groupies who only want a millionaire athlete on steroids usually aren't even worth your time.<br />It's better to focus on the girls YOU really want: the girls who make you feel good, and make you a better man. Empower yourself with a sense of choice, so that you don't waste your time (and theirs) hitting on girls who don't fit with your personality and purpose. The great news is, if you can provide the basic qualities that all women REALLY desire, then getting the girl of your dreams will be easy!<br />So let's look at some things we can safely say women want in a man-regardless of his size, regardless of his looks, regardless of his wealth.<br />1. A demonstrative value. That is, women want to know that their man is someone other women would want. They want a certain "gotta have" quality about their man. This is why, when we go out with a girlfriend, women give us looks and always seem more interested. It's annoying but true: the easiest way to get a girl, is to have one already!<br />Naturally, that doesn't mean that you should be hitting on girls when you have a girlfriend. No way! But when you are single, it's important to know how to show value. I've got a great lesson on this in my e-book that will show you everything you need to know: how to make her laugh, how to show a talent, and how to make sure she never leaves you.<br />There's so much to learn, but in short, you want to be a guy girls love to be around, and that other girls want to have! If you don't feel like you're there right now, do your best to be a fun-loving guy who people enjoy being around. Be quick with a smile, and quick with a joke. Even a guy who smiles a lot can be someone girls want. Who doesn't enjoy being around someone who's happy, who lifts the mood of the room?<br />2. A man who needs her but not too much. This can greatly value from girl to girl, but basically women DO want to feel appreciated. They just don't want to be obsessed over. Guys, show interest in a woman, and make her feel beautiful and wanted but don't slave over her and make her feel like you can't live without her. That's just pathetic, and drives women away.<br />I wrote a blog on how women want to feel needed. Check it out now if you want to find out how to show your woman the right amount of love.<br />3. A feeling of security. Women want to feel safe with a man. They want to know that everything's gonna be all right. This doesn't mean you have to be huge and strong, or have millions in the bank. It just means you have to talk reassuringly to her, look after her safety, and assure her when she needs it that things are going to be OK.<br />It also means coming to her protection, when she needs it. If someone is being a jerk to her, stand up for her. If she's being threatened, fight for her. Let her know that you will fight for her, and nothing will get in your way.<br />One of the best ways to make her feel confident that you will protect her, of course, is to be <br />4. A guy who's in shape. Okay, I said that you don't have to be a professional rugby player to attract women, but that doesn't mean you should let your body slide! Part of a woman's evolutionary mechanism says that a man who is strong will protect her and the children, as well as produce strong children. Likewise, a man who is weak will produce weak children, and not be able to protect the family as well (if at all) It may occur subconsciously, but it's there.<br />So show her your value by being a guy who's well-built, healthy, and athletic. Join a gym, not just to get women but to improve your health and the way you see yourself. Join a martial arts class-who doesn't like a guy who can kick some ass? You'll feel better about yourself, making it easier to pick up girls, and her mating drive will only naturally attract her to you. It's a win-win situation!<br />5. Someone who's not boring. Doesn't matter how good looking you are if you bore a woman to tears, she's not gonna stick around-or even give you a chance, for that matter. Be someone who smiles. Someone who's quick with a laugh. Someone who doesn't take life too seriously, who lets loose. That shows a lot more value than a guy who's stiff and serious-even if he is good looking or wealthy. Believe me, there are lots of guys who have money, who have good looks-but are single, because they're dull and not fun to be around.<br />6. Someone who's good with her friends. You've seen it at bars: girls always look to their friends for their approval. Get their friends' approval, and you get the girl's approval.<br />Oftentimes it's actually best to concentrate on getting to know the girl's group of friends before you spend time talking to her. If you can make her friends laugh and enjoy your company, getting the girl you want will be a piece of cake!<br />I really like this piece of advice from Joseph Matthews, aka Thundercat, author of The Art of the Approach, in his free e-newsletter: "Meeting women when they are with their friends is WAY easier than waiting for when they are alone! This is because women with friends feel safe and relaxed, so their defenses aren't up."<br />Furthermore, he warns that you're not doing your chances any favors by waiting til she's alone: "If you wait until she's by herself to meet her, you're walking into a situation where she's going to be WAY more defensive than usual." So learn to be sociable, and just have fun with her friends! If you can make them enjoy your company, getting your "target's" approval will be a piece of cake.<br />This is also where it's good to go with girls in the same social network as you you already have the approval of mutual friends. The book, Sex in America, says that 60% of married couples meet through friends, work, or mutual activities. For more information on using networking to your benefit, click here.<br />Finally, the trait all women REALLY want: 7. A man with a purpose. Believe me, women don't expect every guy they meet to be worth hundreds of millions of dollars, have more power than the mayor, and be more handsome than Brad Pitt. They don't expect you to be wildly successful. But they DO want you to be headed towards success. They DO want you to have direction. They DO want you to be living up to your potential. And those aren't bad expectations to have! Remember, "Behind every great man is a great woman." You may not be at the top just yet, but as long as you're heading there, with goals in life, you're bound to attract women. And more importantly, reach your own personal success.<br />I highly suggest you read "The Way of the Superior Man," by David Deida. It details the importance of having a life purpose, both for you and for your girlfriend or wife. The book also explains the very important idea that if someone doesn't fit into your purpose, or detracts you from it, then she isn't worth your time. As I said above, don't just go for any old girl: go for the ones who fit YOU, and who make YOU a better person. That's what we men should really want!<br />I hope all of this advice helps you out as you seek to improve yourself and attract the women who matter to you. Remember that it isn't important to know what the bimbo who wants to spend all your money wants: it's important to know what women who want to be with you want. Empower yourself by being choosy, and you'll be sure to attract the woman who's right for you.<br />Finally, for more information on attracting the specific women you really want, check out my e-book and audio series. Thanks for reading!<br />James Brito, author of "How to Be Irresistible to Women," has helped thoudands of men world-wide build confidence and find love. To receive his free six-part audio mini-course, visit:<br />http://www.000relationships.com<br />Because it's YOUR turn!<br>
<br /><br>
<br /><br>
<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-67832575719737008262009-11-02T09:16:00.005-08:002009-11-02T09:16:48.646-08:00How to Be More Interesting - Ways You Can Attract WomenDo you want to me more likable especially to women? Do you feel your life is a little boring and you want to find new things in life to perk up your life? If you are looking for tips on how to be more interesting to other people and to women, here are some things you may want to do to get started.
* Socialize and make new friends. Aside from the existing friends you have, meet other people. Expand your network of friends. They may be some people new to the neighborhood, or a new officemate or the usual people you meet around on your jogging session that you never get to know more before. You can actually find new friends in the workplace, in church, in the neighborhood and in your favorite leisure spot.
* Go out and try new things. If your weekends are spent on your favorite TV show or movie at home, try to make a change. Instead, go out and try a new sport or adventure, or get involved in exciting and interesting activities. This will not only help you make new friends but will also help you make exciting and interesting conversations, which of course, one of the keys on how to be more interesting to women.
* Be a wide-reader. Aside from getting involved in new activities, it also helps a lot to be a wide-reader. Read about current events and read interesting books and popular ones. Aside from books about your interest, you can also try to read on topics that are new to you. Some people also have amazing skills of remembering what they read and are excellent in picking out the great conversations and facts of the book. When you share what you have read, most often, you will have an easier way to remember the good points of a book. Therefore, do not only read - share it.
* Learn the tricks of good storytelling. Of course, some of us may be really good in telling stories but some could also fail on this aspect. However, there are ways to improve and master the skill of how to communicate effectively. Oftentimes, we tend to equate an interesting person to how interesting he tells a story. Indeed, most people find good storytellers interesting, so learn their tricks.
* Be interested on other people. Indeed, one of the best ways on how to be more interesting is showing interest to others. It does not mean meddling on their personal affairs but you can show interest in them by taking time to say 'Hi,' share a story, give an honest compliment, or just listen to them if they want to share something. Ask questions. Most often, interesting conversations start with one simple question that shows a genuine interest to the other person. If you master the skill of being able to listen to others and give honest compliments, you will also find yourself more likeable to women.
How to be more interesting to other people and to women, if you are aiming to attract women, can be actually learned. Try to make some time to make something new once in a while and learn many things that you can share to everyone, and you will find yourself getting more and more interesting.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><p>Carolyn Anderson is a freelance author who also loves self-help books. For tips and techniques to be irresistible and interesting to women, check out this resource on how to <a target="_new" href="http://www.dp-db.com/approach-and-attract">approach and attract beautiful women</a>. Also check out <a target="_new" href="http://www.dp-db.com/be-the-jerk-women-love">The Jerk Women Love</a> if you want to know what women want in a man and capture the interest of the woman you like.</p><br>
<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-82795185100711639882009-11-02T09:16:00.003-08:002009-11-02T09:16:43.598-08:00How to Show a Woman You Love HerMen and women are created differently; they see things and understand them from different angles. The same applies to how men and women perceive love and its expression. Many men shoot in the dark, leave their women unsatisfied and find themselves frustrated in their efforts to express love.Here are a few guidelines on how to show a woman you love her and thus win her heart:
1.Say it!
Yes, just say it like it is. Why should you burn inside, beat about the bush and risk losing the one you love just because you are shy. Tell her you love her and the more you do that, you will find yourself acting out the love. Women need love and they want to hear it coming from your mouth and they will believe you. At the risk of generalising, women are ruled by the heart but of course there are a few who still insist they are an exception to the rule and they should be accorded recognition.<br /><br />2.Show Interest in her as a person<br /><br />Showing interest involves listening to your wife or girlfriend and I mean taking time to absorb what they are saying to you without dismissing, jumping to conclusion or offering solutions that you think are necessary. This seems to be the hardest thing to do for most men as instinctively they want to offer solutions. However, this seemingly noble action frustrates women as they feel unheard and so unloved. It is also important to ask her how she feels and what she wants. Show interest in her job if she has a career, or even her time spent at home if she is a housewife. Ask her about her hopes and aspirations, what her ambitions and fears are. In other words, take time to talk about her.<br /><br />3.Help with small things<br /><br />What men consider small things, are actually huge with women. Therefore things like taking her car for routine service or for repairs, taking out the trash, helping with kids or even fixing a meal for her while she is at work or just relaxing, go a long way in winning you big points with women. If she is sick, pay attention and offer to make her comfortable. If you need to take a day off from work so that you can accompany her to the doctor, then do it. It will seem nothing to you but believe me, any sane woman would appreciate such acts of kindness and care. When women talk of tender loving care (TLC), men get scared thinking that they are going to be asked to spend the whole day pampering and attending to their wife or girlfriend. The truth is, women also like time to be alone and to do their own thing, but they also like to feel secure in the knowledge that their men will be available to support them when the chips are down.<br /><br />4.Keep the romance alive<br /><br />Show the woman in your life that you love her by planning romantic getaways, dates and occasions. Buy her flowers and gifts, no matter how small. Most women value the thought and effort more than the gift. The more thoughtful and original the gift is the better. It will give men more points with women if they made an effort to remember important dates such as her birthday and anniversaries.<br /><br />5.Spend quality time <br /><br />Quality time does not necessarily mean having sex. This is an area where men and women seem to differ in their perception. While men like to feel close and intimate by having sexual intercourse, women on the other hand want to spend time cuddling, talking, kissing and just having fun without the pressure of sex. While it is naturally important that you have sex, make an effort to have moments of fun without making it the end goal.
The above guidelines are just guidelines which might work with some people and fail with others. The overall determining factor is whether you genuinely love the woman in your life and if you do, a lot of these things will come naturally and effortlessly. It is also true that the woman in your life needs to be psychologically tuned and ready to receive your love. All in all, you need to be right for each other.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><p>Mosline Farawu is a blogger commenting on women and issues affecting women in the 21st Century as well as a budding Internet Marketer. More articles can be found on: <a target="_new" href="http://www.mosfarawu.com">http://www.mosfarawu.com</a></p><br>
<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-17308711400074725512009-11-02T09:16:00.001-08:002009-11-02T09:16:38.602-08:00The Art Of The Flirt: Seven Proven Techniques On How To Flirt With WomenWhat are some great ways to flirt? Here are the "Lucky Seven" great ways of flirting with women:<br /><br /><b>The confident eye gaze<br /><br />The "Dale Head Drop"<br /><br />Smile!<br /><br />Open body language<br /><br />Lean in to her<br /><br />Thumbs in belt<br /><br />Touch her</b><br /><br />Let's look at each in more detail:<br /><br /><b>1. The confident eye gaze</b><br /><br />This is how you start your interest. Nothing shows confidence off the bat like meeting a girl's eyes, and KEEPING YOUR STARE. If you see her look down and smile, you know you've made it and the time to approach is now. If she looks away from you but doesn't smile, give her a shot nonetheless; just the fact that she met your eyes for a second or two shows interest.<br /><br /><b>2. The Dale Head Drop</b><br /><br />If you really want to blow away a girl--and show some balls--meet a girl's eyes, then knowingly drop your head to the side, as if to say, "Hey, you know you want me. Come over here and get me!" This works incredibly well in foreign countries. In the States, the girls tend to be able to see through it a bit more--but it still works!<br /><br /><b>3. Smile!</b><br /><br />It's often overlooked, but nothing communicates happiness, confidence, and interest in a girl all in one like a nice big smile. Show the girl you're in control, show her you're confident, show her you're a fun guy to be around: brighten the place up with a big smile! And if your teeth need work, then get them fixed! It's good not just for your chances of meeting a girl, but also for your health and appearance!<br /><br /><b>4. Open Body Language</b><br /><br />So many guys walk or sit with their arms crossed, their legs close together, and their faces anxious and flat. Stop that! Welcome a girl into your world: Have your arms open and leaned back, your legs open and relaxed, your face warm and inviting. You'll not only attract yourself into a girl's world, but also into the world of people at a party, club, or bar who can help you meet a future girlfriend--or even wife!<br /><br /><b>5. Lean in to her</b><br /><br />As you're talking to a girl, especially while seated, show her your interest with confidence by leaning in closer. You don't want to be a creep, of course, but you can generally tell by a girl's body language and talk how interested she is in you. If things are looking good, show her your control of the situation--and interest in her--by leaning in and generally getting closer to her. Leaning back does the opposite; it shows you're unconfident and not overly interested. Not what you want to communicate.<br /><br /><b>6. Thumbs in belt</b><br /><br />Ever put your thumbs in your belt, with your hands at your hips' side? This is processed as a sign of being confident in one's sexuality and size. So if you're standing around at a bar or club and want to convey confidence, this will certainly be understood by girls! <br /><br /><b>7. Touch her!</b><br /><br />Yup, nothing quite connects like "Reaching out and touching someone", so to speak. Great conversations and emotional/spiritual chemistry are great, but if you really want to take it to the next level, you'll have to eventually show some balls and touch her. This isn't about grabbing her and making out (unless it really is going that well and she's flirting out of control!), but doing little things: brushing your arm by her shoulders, lightly massaging her, leading her by the arm to another location in the place. By making a physical connection, you're giving her a sign loud and clear that you're confident in yourself and interested in her. <br /><br />------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />This is just a starter's guide to flirting, but it should serve you well as you venture out to bars, clubs, and parties in search of women. Remember to stay relaxed, and keep your body OPEN, not closed. Invite the honeys in; don't scare them away! Now you're on the path to success.</p><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-15953325403602635902009-11-01T09:13:00.005-08:002009-11-01T09:13:51.615-08:00How To Flirt With Women In 7 Easy WaysAlot of guys have been asking me what we men should do for body language, so this column will give you the answers: how to recognize female body language, how to react to it, and how to use your own body language to flirt with women successfully, from start to finish.<br /><br />You have to remember that whatever you say, however you gesture your hands, arms, head, and eyes, women are NOT taking your movements at face value. If she jokes with you and you lightly push her away as if to say "Stop", she's taking that simple gesture as something more: interest, dis-interest, enjoyment, annoyance-any of a million different signals. She's reading it for further suggestions as to what kind of guy you are, and what your interest in her is. Know that with body language, girls are always reading the way you move and act!<br /><br />Here are my "Lucky Seven" best ways to show interest:<br /><br />The confident eye gaze<br />The "Dale Head Drop"<br />Smile!<br />Open body language<br />Lean in to her<br />Thumbs in belt<br />Touch her<br /><br />Let's look at each in more detail:<br /><br />1. The confident eye gaze<br /><br />This is how you start your interest. Nothing shows confidence off the bat like meeting a girl's eyes, and KEEPING YOUR STARE. If you see her look down and smile, you know you've made it and the time to approach is now. If she looks away from you but doesn't smile, give her a shot nonetheless; just the fact that she met your eyes for a second or two shows interest.<br /><br />2. The Dale Head Drop<br /><br />So named after the guy who mastered the art of getting women rushing to his side, just with a simple shrug! If you really want to blow away a girl-and show some balls-meet a girl's eyes, then knowingly drop your head to the side, as if to say, "Hey, you know you want me. Come over here and get me!" I've found this to work incredibly well in foreign countries. In the States, the girls tend to be able to see through it a bit more-but it still works!<br /><br />3. Smile!<br /><br />It's often overlooked, but nothing communicates happiness, confidence, and interest in a girl all in one like a nice big smile. Show the girl you're in control, show her you're confident, show her you're a fun guy to be around: brighten the place up with a big smile! And if your teeth need work, then get them fixed! It's good not just for your chances of meeting a girl, but also for your health and appearance!<br /><br />4. Open Body Language<br /><br />So many guys walk or sit with their arms crossed, their legs close together, and their faces anxious and flat. Stop that! Welcome a girl into your world: Have your arms open and leaned back, your legs open and relaxed, your face warm and inviting. You'll not only attract yourself into a girl's world, but also into the world of people at a party, club, or bar who can help you meet a future girlfriend-or even wife!<br /><br />5. Lean in to her<br /><br />As you're talking to a girl, especially while seated, show her your interest with confidence by leaning in closer. You don't want to be a creep, of course, but you can generally tell by a girl's body language and talk how interested she is in you. If things are looking good, show her your control of the situation-and interest in her-by leaning in and generally getting closer to her. Leaning back does the opposite; it shows you're unconfident and not overly interested. Not what you want to communicate.<br /><br />6. Thumbs in belt<br /><br />Ever put your thumbs in your belt, with your hands at your hips' side? This is processed as a sign of being confident in one's sexuality and size. So if you're standing around at a bar or club and want to convey confidence, this will certainly be understood by girls!<br /><br />7. Touch her!<br /><br />Yup, nothing gets you closer to a girl than physical touch. Great conversations and emotional/spiritual chemistry are great, but if you really want to take it to the next level, you'll have to eventually show some balls and touch her. I'm not talking about grabbing her and making out (unless it really is going that well and she's flirting out of control!), but doing little things: brushing your arm by her shoulders, lightly massaging her, leading her by the arm to another location in the place. By making a physical connection, you're giving her a sign loud and clear that you're confident in yourself and interested in her.<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-10907036087413955732009-11-01T09:13:00.003-08:002009-11-01T09:13:46.897-08:00How To Flirt With Women In 7 Easy WaysA lot of guys have been asking me what we men should do for body language, so this column will give you the answers: how to recognize female body language, how to react to it, and how to use your own body language to flirt with women successfully, from start to finish.<br /><br />You have to remember that whatever you say, however you gesture your hands, arms, head, and eyes, women are NOT taking your movements at face value. If she jokes with you and you lightly push her away as if to say "Stop", she's taking that simple gesture as something more: interest, dis-interest, enjoyment, annoyance-any of a million different signals. She's reading it for further suggestions as to what kind of guy you are, and what your interest in her is. Know that with body language, girls are always reading the way you move and act!<br /><br />Here are my "Lucky Seven" best ways to show interest:<br /><br />The confident eye gaze<br />The "Dale Head Drop"<br />Smile!<br />Open body language<br />Lean in to her<br />Thumbs in belt<br />Touch her<br /><br />Let's look at each in more detail:<br /><br />1. The confident eye gaze<br /><br />This is how you start your interest. Nothing shows confidence off the bat like meeting a girl's eyes, and KEEPING YOUR STARE. If you see her look down and smile, you know you've made it and the time to approach is now. If she looks away from you but doesn't smile, give her a shot nonetheless; just the fact that she met your eyes for a second or two shows interest.<br /><br />2. The Dale Head Drop<br /><br />So named after the guy who mastered the art of getting women rushing to his side, just with a simple shrug! If you really want to blow away a girl-and show some balls-meet a girl's eyes, then knowingly drop your head to the side, as if to say, "Hey, you know you want me. Come over here and get me!" I've found this to work incredibly well in foreign countries. In the States, the girls tend to be able to see through it a bit more-but it still works!<br /><br />3. Smile!<br /><br />It's often overlooked, but nothing communicates happiness, confidence, and interest in a girl all in one like a nice big smile. Show the girl you're in control, show her you're confident, show her you're a fun guy to be around: brighten the place up with a big smile! And if your teeth need work, then get them fixed! It's good not just for your chances of meeting a girl, but also for your health and appearance!<br /><br />4. Open Body Language<br /><br />So many guys walk or sit with their arms crossed, their legs close together, and their faces anxious and flat. Stop that! Welcome a girl into your world: Have your arms open and leaned back, your legs open and relaxed, your face warm and inviting. You'll not only attract yourself into a girl's world, but also into the world of people at a party, club, or bar who can help you meet a future girlfriend-or even wife!<br /><br />5. Lean in to her<br /><br />As you're talking to a girl, especially while seated, show her your interest with confidence by leaning in closer. You don't want to be a creep, of course, but you can generally tell by a girl's body language and talk how interested she is in you. If things are looking good, show her your control of the situation-and interest in her-by leaning in and generally getting closer to her. Leaning back does the opposite; it shows you're unconfident and not overly interested. Not what you want to communicate.<br /><br />6. Thumbs in belt<br /><br />Ever put your thumbs in your belt, with your hands at your hips' side? This is processed as a sign of being confident in one's sexuality and size. So if you're standing around at a bar or club and want to convey confidence, this will certainly be understood by girls!<br /><br />7. Touch her!<br /><br />Yup, nothing gets you closer to a girl than physical touch. Great conversations and emotional/spiritual chemistry are great, but if you really want to take it to the next level, you'll have to eventually show some balls and touch her. I'm not talking about grabbing her and making out (unless it really is going that well and she's flirting out of control!), but doing little things: brushing your arm by her shoulders, lightly massaging her, leading her by the arm to another location in the place. By making a physical connection, you're giving her a sign loud and clear that you're confident in yourself and interested in her.</p><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-91459922801374588692009-11-01T09:13:00.001-08:002009-11-01T09:13:40.511-08:00How to Attract Women: Seven Great Ways to Flirt with WomenIn my previous column, I talked about how girls are more inclined to give off, and notice, body signals than guys, and are ALWAYS looking for signs from us guys, as well. Since then a lot of guys have been asking me what we men should do for body language, so this column will give you the answers.<br />You have to remember that whatever you say, however you gesture your hands, arms, head, and eyes, women are NOT taking your movements at face value. If she jokes with you and you lightly push her away as if to say "Stop", she's taking that simple gesture as something more: interest, dis-interest, enjoyment, annoyance-any of a million different signals. She's reading it for further suggestions as to what kind of guy you are, and what your interest in her is. Know that with body language, girls are always reading the way you move and act!<br />Here are my "Lucky Seven" best ways to show interest:<br />The confident eye gaze<br />
The "Dale Head Drop"<br />
Smile!<br />
Open body language<br />
Lean in to her<br />
Thumbs in belt<br />
Touch her<br /><br />Let's look at each in more detail:<br />1. The confident eye gaze<br />This is how you start your interest. Nothing shows confidence off the bat like meeting a girl's eyes, and KEEPING YOUR STARE. If you see her look down and smile, you know you've made it and the time to approach is now. If she looks away from you but doesn't smile, give her a shot nonetheless; just the fact that she met your eyes for a second or two shows interest.<br />2. The Dale Head Drop<br />So named after the guy who mastered the art of getting women rushing to his side, just with a simple shrug! If you really want to blow away a girl-and show some balls-meet a girl's eyes, then knowingly drop your head to the side, as if to say, "Hey, you know you want me. Come over here and get me!" I've found this to work incredibly well in foreign countries. In the States, the girls tend to be able to see through it a bit more-but it still works!<br />3. Smile!<br />It's often overlooked, but nothing communicates happiness, confidence, and interest in a girl all in one like a nice big smile. Show the girl you're in control, show her you're confident, show her you're a fun guy to be around: brighten the place up with a big smile! And if your teeth need work, then get them fixed! It's good not just for your chances of meeting a girl, but also for your health and appearance!<br />4. Open Body Language<br />So many guys walk or sit with their arms crossed, their legs close together, and their faces anxious and flat. Stop that! Welcome a girl into your world: Have your arms open and leaned back, your legs open and relaxed, your face warm and inviting. You'll not only attract yourself into a girl's world, but also into the world of people at a party, club, or bar who can help you meet a future girlfriend-or even wife!<br />5. Lean in to her<br />As you're talking to a girl, especially while seated, show her your interest with confidence by leaning in closer. You don't want to be a creep, of course, but you can generally tell by a girl's body language and talk how interested she is in you. If things are looking good, show her your control of the situation-and interest in her-by leaning in and generally getting closer to her. Leaning back does the opposite; it shows you're unconfident and not overly interested. Not what you want to communicate.<br />6. Thumbs in belt<br />Ever put your thumbs in your belt, with your hands at your hips' side? This is processed as a sign of being confident in one's sexuality and size. So if you're standing around at a bar or club and want to convey confidence, this will certainly be understood by girls!<br />7. Touch her!<br />Yup, nothing gets you closer to a girl than physical touch. Great conversations and emotional/spiritual chemistry are great, but if you really want to take it to the next level, you'll have to eventually show some balls and touch her. I'm not talking about grabbing her and making out (unless it really is going that well and she's flirting out of control!), but doing little things: brushing your arm by her shoulders, lightly massaging her, leading her by the arm to another location in the place. By making a physical connection, you're giving her a sign loud and clear that you're confident in yourself and interested in her.<br />James Brito is the author of "How to Be Irresistible to Women." His years of dating experience and international travel have tutored him in the art of meeting and seducing women the world over. His immersion in international dating circles brings forth a gritty, no-nonsense approach to dating and developing relationships necessary for the modern single man.<br />Learn more about how to attract the woman of your dreams at:<br />www.000relationships.com<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-72274713427753009122009-10-30T21:59:00.005-07:002009-10-30T21:59:28.505-07:00Magic Seduction - How to Attract Women Like You've Got Magic SpellsWomen have particular fantasies in their heads involving getting wooed and then dated by an uninhibited guy that won't judge her if she gets into bed with him in an instant.<br /><br />Within the female mind, this guy is gentle, strong and controlled. He tells her sweet nothings and can make her laugh with gentle teasing. This would be every girl's ideal guy.<br /><br />The funny thing is: whenever women go out, they only come across men that fidget and shake whenever women show the slightest hint of disapproval. Do you just want to stand by idly, as you watch women wait for their ultimate dream guy? It is high time you learned the subtle tactics of psychology that can grab a woman's attention like magic.<br /><br />How To Attract Women Like Magic With Secret Psyche Tips And Tricks<br /><br />1. "Sneaky Reverse Psychology". The minute you walk towards a woman, she will think that you are interested in her. This will then be confirmed as you try hard to impress her and give her the chance to either reject you or play with your head. What you need to do is concentrate all of your attention on other things and other people whenever you talk to her. This will make any woman work harder to keep your attention on her.<br /><br />2. "Alpha Male". Show women that you aren't merely a beta guy. Even without words, it is possible to make her feel like you are highly valuable and important, as long as you prove that you are good at interacting with people and that people actually listen and follow the things you say. Be the center of attention and take full control of interactions within a group to prove to women that you can lead anybody.<br /><br />3. "Fractionation". This tactic of hypnosis, used as a tool of killer seduction by expert pickup artists, refers to sending women on a rollercoaster of emotions, and making her relate all of her happy states to you. This will result in her becoming emotionally dependent on you and agreeing to all of your demands.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><p>However, before you use this technique, <b>you must heed this warning...</b></p><p><b>Fractionation</b> is considered as a 'dark art' tactic which is the basis of covert seduction, and while controversial, it is known to be one of the most effective tactics ever invented by underground seducers. It is described step-by-step in the <b>Fractionation Formula</b> system (as shown at this website - <a target="_new" href="http://www.FractionationFormula.com">http://www.FractionationFormula.com</a>).</p><p><u>Note:</u> While I personally vouch for the effectiveness of this tactic, care must be taken as it could be dangerous in the hands of people with bad intentions. As Mr Spidey once said... great powers come with great responsibility. :)</p><p>So, if you want super quick success with women (and will do so ethically), then click on this following link to download The Fractionation Formula for free - <a target="_new" href="http://www.FractionationFormula.com">http://www.FractionationFormula.com</a></p><br>
<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-85160172401726771522009-10-30T21:59:00.003-07:002009-10-30T21:59:24.143-07:00How to Get Women - 10 Easy Tips to Learning How to Get WomenSo you have been in the 'chase' for long and there seems to be nothing good coming out of your efforts? Every woman you approach seems to be totally uninterested; then this is for you. Capturing the attention of woman is hard enough leave alone getting her. Here are some easy and practical tips that can be useful to men thinking of how to get women.<br /><br />1. Believe in yourself
There is absolutely no sense in expecting someone else to believe what you say if don't believe it yourself. Carry yourself and talk with confidence and this will definitely make the chasing much easier.<br /><br />2. Dress appropriately
Women are usually interested in men who show that at least they take time to see how they look before stepping out of their houses.<br /><br />3. Smell good
This is a sure way on how to get women.<br /><br />4. Fresh breath
There is nothing as irritating as having to almost cover your nose or face the other side when talking to someone. An instant way of getting a fresh breath is chewing a mint-flavored gum.<br /><br />5. Compliment her
Making women feel like they own the world is an easy way on how to get women<br /><br />6. Be natural
Women will always know when man is faking it and this will actually keep them away from you.<br /><br />7. Don't forget your sense of humor
Being funny is a perfect method of keeping her hanging onto every word you say.<br /><br />8. Be spontaneous
Surprise her with things that she does not expect.<br /><br />9. Use your charms and charisma
Your individuality and uniqueness can be your greatest asset to actually getting women interested in you.<br /><br />10. Never rush
Let the woman do it in her own pace. Don't be too quick to pass judgments on her feelings lest you might be disappointed.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-7553464149796453262009-10-30T21:59:00.001-07:002009-10-30T21:59:19.634-07:003 Ways on How to Make a Woman Interested With You! Earth Shattering Keys You Shouldn't MissAll women are born different and there are various ways to get a girl. Here are some important things that you need to learn and possess in order to win over the woman of your dreams.<br /><br />Invite Her on a Date<br /><br />Ask the girl that you like to go out with you. Make sure that both of you do something interesting together. You can try and bring her someplace that you feel at ease and if possible, where you do things which you are proud of. On the other hand, you can show interest by going somewhere or doing something she really likes.<br /><br />If she is a musician, then you can ask her to play a song. If she likes poetry, then maybe you can aks her to read something she wrote. However, if you not yet comfortable or ready to share your personal life, then just have a dinner date or do something together in order to get to know her better.<br /><br />Be Romantic<br /><br />Chocolates, roses, teddy bears and candles can be somewhat common for women. Instead, think of something that will really get her excited. Learn what makes that special someone unique - look for and do stuff that only she would like.<br /><br />What are her unusual hobbies, passions and dreams? Everytime she talk, watch a movie or goes shopping, what interest her the most? Pay attention to details. Women like it when you still remember things that they have told you in the past. Recognizing how special she is and showing her that you know it better than anybody else in the world is the true meaning of being a romantic.<br /><br />Have a Personal Life<br /><br />This is important, especially if you are the type of guy who is prone to getting stuck in the 'friend zone'. Women hate men who have no life at all and who stick to them like glue. A number of women like that; however, it is all for the wrong reasons.<br /><br />They are either control freaks who like dominating men or they are just lacking in confidence and in need of attention. Unless you would like to become a guy in either of those situations, then concentrate occupying your time with your own goals, hobbies, pastime and friendships.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-42522554190587551562009-10-30T02:11:00.005-07:002009-10-30T02:11:18.705-07:005 Ways to Make Women Want YouAre you having trouble attracting women? Well look no further! In this article we will cover 5 ways to make women want you. These techniques are very simple yet effective.<br /><br />Where most people fail, is by not keeping it simple. Whatever happens, do not over think situations. Stay calm and relax, before you know it, girls will be falling head over heels for you.<br /><br />The 5 ways to make women want you are:<br /><br />Exude confidence: The single most important thing you can do is feel good about yourself. By accomplishing this step, the rest comes easy. Remember, how you feel and carry yourself is how others perceive you. This is a key component to attracting women.<br /><br />Establish Curiosity: Much like branding and marketing a product you must establish interest in yourself.The best way to do this, is bycreating a mysterious environment. In other words don't be an open book but at the same time allow certain aspects of your personality to shine just enough to peak curiosity. Women will be dying to figure you out!<br /><br />Show interest: Women are multi dimensional individuals. A big mistake to make is to concentrate strictly on their looks. You will have the most success with women that share your interest. Compatibility plays a major role as a relationship develops. It is essential to not overlook this aspect when embarking on a new relationship. You will soon find that the women you are attracted to will change slightly as you introduce this element into your dating arsenal. After all looks will only keep your interest for so long.<br /><br />Stay away from titles: Avoid being labeled at all costs. This willaffect your results greatly. If you are labeled as a player, it becomes harder to convince women to date you. This may include women that you are really interested in. It is also imperative that you are not labeled as nice or the friend type. This will only make your tasks much harder. Establish your presence, let your intentions be known, and steer away from actions that may get you labeled as either a player or the friend type.<br /><br />Be Yourself: Do not try too hard to impress someone. This can only have the effect of pushing someone away. You can try other methods at attracting women, but at the end of the day she will eventually get to know the real you. By being yourself your dating record will be full of rave reviews by women you've dated. And women will be interested in pursuing you as a consequence. Just be yourself. Developing your confidence will help you develop in this area as well.<br /><br />Conclusion: Getting women to want you is not complicated. At the same time, it does require some effort. As a child you may remember learning to ride a bike. The first few tries you fell and it looked like there was no progress, but you soon mastered riding a bike. The same principle can be applied to dating women.<br /><br />When you first start out, you will fail quite often. The key thing to take from your failures is to jot down your mistakes and make sure to develop yourself as an individual so as to never repeat them again.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-12154817023965000782009-10-30T02:11:00.003-07:002009-10-30T02:11:13.824-07:00Women and Hormonal Acne - Is There a Connection Between a Woman's Hormones and Her Acne Breakouts?Hormones have been traditionally been linked with mood swings and the highly emotional nature of women. In recent times, people are familiar with terms like PMS or Pre-Menstrual Syndrome, knowing about how they affect the female body. But when it comes to female hormones, few have the knowledge to realize that they influence the skin.<br /><br />Hormones: <br /><br />Hormones start inducing their effect on the human body when a human being goes through puberty. Hormones are generally active during adolescence. Their sole function is to trigger biological reactions, as they travel from the different glands to the cells as chemical messengers. For instance, male hormones like androgen are responsible for the features that govern the male subject, like growth of facial and pubic hair, secretion from the sebum and the sweat glands and controlling of the functions of the kidney. As a result it seems evident that the hormones dominate the human bodily functions and need to be taken seriously.<br /><br />Hormonal Acne:<br /><br />What is hormonal acne? They are messengers, largely chemical in nature, triggering the oil secretion of the human body. This happens when the hormones are directed towards the skin after being released form their respective glands. As the secretion is increased, the pores of the skin get swollen and ultimately burst.<br /><br />This is particularly to be noticed among women, during the menstrual cycle or after it. Distress creeps in and women generally resort to anti-acne creams. But this does not solve the problem. It is important to know what causes these breakouts and find the proper remedy to cure them form within.<br /><br />Generally adult women are seen to suffer from worsening acne or adult onset acne. The standard remedy is to use antibiotics, Accutane or topical preparations. Various surveys have shown that almost 60 percent of these women show interest in common medication processes and do not show any response to the general ways of treating acne related problems.<br /><br />Treating acne with hormones is very helpful. Due to professional stress among the women, it is noticed that the male hormonal levels increase and result in acne. Also there are several hormones in women which act like male hormones.<br /><br />Stopping the intake of birth control pills also result in acne in some women. This is so because, the estrogen present in these pills, along with progesterone is supplied to the body. Oil starts to be secreted from the sebaceous glands as soon as the pill intake is stopped, resulting in acne.<br /><br />Treatment of Hormonal Acne <br /><br />In the case of women, the possible methods of treatment of acne is manifold. Generally topical antimicrobials like benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics, topical retinoids, anti-androgen medication and oral antibiotics for sever inflammation are prescribed.<br /><br />Oral contraceptive pills are also helpful, since they induce estrogen, which fight androgen secretion. As a result, estrogen circulation is induced and acne inflammations are cured.<br /><br />For years I was an acne sufferer but I was fortunate because I found a solution that cleared my face up and eliminated all of my acne. You can have acne free skin now using the same solution!<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-9840242008768345732009-10-30T02:11:00.001-07:002009-10-30T02:11:08.273-07:00How Women Show Interest in Men & How to Interest Women - The Killer GuideIt seems to be a common theme among men of all ages to wonder how women show interest. Most men can never quite figure it out. So I'm going to take a shot at that question, as well as how to interest women (which is the more important part to master in my opinion).<br /><br />I've noticed that a lot of guys tend to over complicate things when trying to figure out how women show interest.<br /><br />"Well, she played with her hair, but she didn't touch her neck."<br /><br />"She smiled at me but she didn't keep eye contact very long."<br /><br />"Or, she laughed at my jokes but she didn't touch my arm."<br /><br />"So what do you think? Is she interested in me?"<br /><br />Dude, relax! The fact is, all of those things ARE signs that a woman is showing interest in you, but (and this is a big but) women only show those signs a tiny fraction of the time when they're interested in a man.<br /><br />So, while all those signs are ways that women show interest in men, you've got to stop letting them dictate how you act around women.<br /><br />Let's boil things down and say that if a woman even acknowledges your existence and pays attention to you at all, lets assume she's "interested".<br /><br />Here's where the important part comes in...<br /><br />You have to do the things that will create and increase her attraction towards you.<br /><br />How do you interest women?<br /><br />You need to do things that women can't help being attracted to. Things like having strong body language, portraying confidence, taking control, having strong values, and living an interesting life...<br /><br />Because the fact is, women are uncontrollably attracted to these things. It's just the way they're programmed. That's why some guys (the guys who do these things) seem to get all the women they could every want...<br /><br />They get it.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-48988462692009789972009-10-29T18:48:00.005-07:002009-10-29T18:48:55.606-07:00The Real Beauty in WomenNot a Reality Show: A Real Woman's JourneyNASHVILLE, TN July 5, 2004 -- One look at the slew of recent reality shows, such as โThe Swanโ and โFor Love or Money,โ you can see that these ratings are clearly based on the outer beauty of women. Best-selling author Angela Thomas has made it her mission in life to show women that the real beauty a woman has to offer is within herself. <br /><br /><br /><br />Thomas' 2003 runaway bestseller, Do You Think I'm Beautiful?: The Question Every Woman Asks, has held a spot on the CBA Women's Interests Bestseller List for eight consecutive months, which makes the book one of the top three best-sellers of all time. Thomas' follow-up, A Beautiful Offering, is already garnering the same respect and anticipation from the media and consumers alike (May 2004, Thomas Nelson Publishers).<br /><br /><br /><br />Thomas has quickly become one of the nation's most recognized and sought after speakers to women across the country. Thomas can be heard on morning and afternoon drive radio shows nationwide where she reaches more than 700,000 people per week. Thomas tours the country as a guest speaker at a number of high-profile national conferences, including the Girls of Grace conferences (for appearance information, please see www.angelathomas.com). <br /><br /><br /><br />A mother, friend, best-selling author, speaker, teacher, and believer in Christ, Thomas wrote her first book, now titled Prayers for the Mother to Be during her fourth pregnancy, and followed it with Prayers for New Mothers and Tender Mercy for a Mother's Soul. Thomas' skill in creating an instant connection with her audience draws women of all ages and life experiences to the many conferences and retreats at which she speaks. <br /><br /><br /><br />Her goal is to inspire women to look inside themselves for their beauty and to strive each and every day to be the best mother, wife and self you can be. She knows of which she speaks, having walked through a very difficult time in her life. Being a single mother of four children, she can reflect on what gives her strength and relate to each and every woman that she touches.<br /><br /><br /><br />To receive more information or schedule an interview, please contact Marika Flatt, PR by the Book, (512) 560-6787 or marika@prbythebook.com.<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-69905409227169566042009-10-29T18:48:00.003-07:002009-10-29T18:48:51.420-07:00Keds Womens Shoes All You Need to KnowKeds has been making canvas shoes for women since 1916. Their wealthy tradition of shoe making spawned shoes that we know today as sneakers. Not only do they offer foot wear that are stylish and comfortable, they also produce Keds women’s shoes that can be used for athletic activities and sports.
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<br />The shoes made by the company had a unique appeal to women that is why throughout the 20th century these sneakers have been a staple in the fashion world for women. Its appeal not only comes from its stylish look but also its ability to be worn by women with virtually any outfit. Also, the comfort it provides, allow women to use it more frequently.
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<br />Sneakers have proven to be the choice of many when a lot of walking needs to be done. It provides enough cushions for the feet to keep one’s foot from hitting the hard surface of the ground and hurting in the long run. Also, a closed sneaker keeps the feet from blistering due to friction.
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<br />There are a lot of different types of Keds women’s shoes. They differ not only in styles but also in use. From casual wear shoes to shoes for sports Keds has it. Its numerous styles and are categorized into thirteen types: Original champion, Green, Tracy Reese, Casual, Sport, Sandals, Wedge, Lace Up, High Top, Skimmer, Slip on, and the Mule.
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<br />This number of different styles allows women to choose which shoes would fit one’s style and look best. One could own different shoes for different styles and look mixing and matching it with one’s outfit.
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<br />Throughout the 1980s to the 1990s, Keds shoes were highly popular. Many television shows have characters that wore Keds sneakers as a part of the general outfit of their character. Many of these television characters were teens which were the sneaker industry’s largest market at the time.
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<br />During the late 1990s till about 2006, the popularity of Keds decreased dramatically. This was due mainly to tight competition with other companies at that time that has produced sneakers in a new style making the sneakers from Keds a bit out of style.
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<br />By Mid 2000s, the company made a move by putting out sneakers with new hip designs. This was able to raise the sales of the company. Since then, Keds have released a number of new promos that could tickle the interest of different persons. One of which is the design your own shoes promo where one could decide how one’s shoes would look like by deciding color schemes and the art that would be integrated into one’s sneakers. This gives one the chance to personalize one’s shoe. This could also be a great gift idea, as one could integrate the likes of the one being given the present into the design of the sneakers.
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<br />Another promo is the green line of Keds women’s shoes. This line of shoes allows one to help the environment as most of the materials used in making the sneakers are eco friendly. Some of the parts of the shoes are even made of recycled materials, so if one is an environment buff, then one would enjoy these kinds of shoes.<br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-59398347010531589552009-10-29T18:48:00.001-07:002009-10-29T18:48:45.912-07:00I'll Show You Mine If You Show Me YoursThe stereotype of women only being concerned with clothes, cooking, and gossip is in need of serious reevaluation. While a lot of women do enjoy these things there are plenty of other ladies out there who remain clueless to the latest fashion or 30 minute meal and are more concerned with how the Patriots are going to do this season.<br /><br />Similarly, there are men out there who enjoy donning an apron and getting crazy with the spice rack in the kitchen, cooking up all kinds of concoctions while perhaps sporting a pair of Dolce and Gabana dress shoes. Both men and women push the gender lines placed around them, but instead of fighting or succumbing unwillingly to them they should blend those lines and incorporate one another into their world. Satellite TV can help bridge the gap between people in relationships and help them understand one another a little better, regardless of what their gender says their interests should be.<br /><br />A woman married to a sports fanatic could simply dismiss his enthusiasm as mere "machismo" and go along her merry way leaving him to enjoy his testosterone, or she could try and spend a little time in his bubble. By spending a little time watching football with her husband a wife might come to see that his subscription to NFL Sunday Ticket was a really great investment and that football is not simply a meeting of large men just throwing themselves against one another.<br /><br />Along this same train of thought, a man would be doing himself and his relationship a big favor if he took interest in what his other half was doing. If a woman really enjoys cooking and marvels at the skills of the chefs on The Food Network then her partner should take some time to sit with her and appreciate the culinary art taking place in front of them. Simply burping and telling her it was a great meal does not convey the same amount of respect or concern for the effort that went behind the meal's creation. Perhaps watching an intricate pasta sauce simmer in high definition will inspire a man to join his lovely counter part in the kitchen for some tag team cooking, adding some spice to their relationship.<br /><br />These scenarios falls neatly within the confines of the gender lines, but the idea of showing interest in your partner's hobbies is good no matter the gender. If someone's girlfriend has an expansive knowledge of cars and religiously uses her satellite TV to watch "Monster Garage", sitting down with her and learning about the different components of a motorcycle's engine could add a little extra spark to the relationship as well as acquired knowledge they can share with one another.<br /><br />When a man concentrates heavily on his style and the fashion world around him some just dismiss him as being effeminate without taking the time to appreciate why he possesses such interests. Moving beyond the restrictions of gender roles, his other half could share in his love of fashion by watching an episode of "Project Runway" and witnessing first hand the delicate and demanding work that goes into clothes production. Satellite television can act as a catalyst for bringing couples closer together and arriving at a better understanding of the other's interests in spite of what they are "supposed" to like.<br /><br /><br>
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<br /><br>harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-70044135476535891092009-06-27T17:21:00.001-07:002009-06-27T17:21:43.696-07:00Impact of Education on Domestic Violence and Development of Women Through Education <p><strong>Impact of Education on Domestic Violence and Development of Women through Education</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p> <p><strong><em>You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women.</em></strong></p> <p><strong><em>- </em>Jawaharlal Nehru<em></em></strong></p> <p><strong><em>"Literary education is of no value, if it is not able to build up a sound character."</em></strong></p> <p>- <strong>Mahatma Gandhi</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>Education has been regarded as the most significant instrument for changing women's subjugated position in the society. It not only develops the personality and rationality of individuals, but qualifies them to fulfill certain economic, political and cultural functions and thereby improves their socio-economic status. One of the direct expectations from educational development in a society is the reduction in the inequality among individuals and that is why Education was included as the basic right of every human being in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The constitution of UNESCO also directs its efforts to achieve `The ideal of equality of educational opportunity without regard to race, sex or any distinction, economic or social'.</p> <p> Domestic Violence (sometimes referred to as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners. Domestic violence occurs in all cultures; people of all races, ethnicities, religions, sexes and classes can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by both men and women, occurring in both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. </p> <p><strong>What Is Domestic Violence?</strong></p> <p> Domestic violence is controlling behaviour and includes all kinds of physical, sexual and emotional abuse within all kinds of intimate relationships. The perpetrators of domestic violence or abuse are usually men and the victims or survivors are usually women and children that they know. It includes:</p> <p>• Punching and slapping</p> <p>• Kicking and hair pulling</p> <p>• Biting and pinching</p> <p>• Pushing and shoving</p> <p>• Being forced to have sex</p> <p>• Being beaten or cut with other objects</p> <p>• Disrespect, neglect and emotional blackmail</p> <p>• Verbal abuse and swearing</p> <p>• Being prevented from going out or seeing people – being isolated</p> <p>• Lying, harassment and putting pressure on you through threats</p> <p> 1:4 women experience domestic violence at some point in their lives and 1:10 will be experiencing domestic violence today</p> <p><strong>WOMEN VIOLENCE IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA</strong><strong></strong></p> <p> Over 37 per cent married women in the country were victims of physical or sexual abuse by their husbands with Bihar topping the list. Women in Himachal Pradesh faced less violence at home compared to other states in the country. The latest National Family Health Survey-III found that 37.2 per cent women had experienced violence and cited lack of education as the key reason behind their woes. "Women with no education were much more likely than other women to have suffered spousal violence. However, spousal abuse also extends to women who have secondary or higher secondary level education, with 16 per cent reporting abuse," the survey said.</p> <p> The survey showed that countrywide more women face violence in rural areas (40.2) as compared to those in the urban areas (30.4).</p> <p> In Bihar, women in urban areas fared worse than those in rural areas. While 62.2 per cent underwent the trauma in urban areas, it was 58.5 per cent women in villages.</p> <p> It is followed by Rajasthan (46.3) Madhya Pradesh (45.8), Tripura (44.1), Manipur (43.9), Uttar Pradesh (42.4), Tamil Nadu (41.9), West Bengal (40.3) and Arunachal Pradesh (38.8).</p> <p> Among the metros, the fairer sex was better off in Delhi (16.3) and Mumbai (19.5) recorded relatively low percentage as compared to Chennai (40.6) and Kolkata (26.7).</p> <p> Nearly, 17 per cent women in Goa have experienced violence, with 17.2 women in rural areas at the receiving end as compared to 16.4 per cent women in urban areas.</p> <p> In Chhattisgarh, a total of 30 per cent women suffered at the hands of their husbands, while in Jharkhand, the figure was 37 per cent. About 40.8 per cent women in Jharkhand villages found the going tough as compared to 24.6 per cent in the urban areas.</p> <p> In the hill state of Uttarakhand, nearly 28 per cent women experienced violence, with those in villages (29.8) fared worse than their urban counterparts (22.8). After Himachal Pradesh, women fared relatively better in Jammu and Kashmir (12.6), Meghalaya (13.1), Nagaland (15.4), Sikkim (16.5) and Kerala (16.4).</p> <p>Other states where women find themselves vulnerable are Assam (39.6), Arunachal Pradesh (38.8), Orissa (38.5), Maharashtra (30.7), Andhra Pradesh (35.2), Haryana (27.3), Gujarat (27.6) Punjab (25.4), Mizoram (22.5) and Karnataka (20).</p> <p><strong>CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA</strong></p> <p>· One crime against women every three minutes</p> <p>· One rape every 29 minutes</p> <p>· One dowry death case every 77 minutes</p> <p>· One case of cruelty by husband and relatives every nine minutes</p> <p>· Once suicide every 240 minutes.</p> <p><em>Source: National Crime Records Bureau</em> </p> <p><strong>CHILD VIOLENCE</strong></p> <p> Children are the nation's assets. A happy child will make his/her home and the country happy. The future of any country depends upon the right upbringing of its children, for which a congenial environment and adequate opportunities for wholesome development are essential.</p> <p>According to UNICEF's "The State of the World's Children," report for 2006, one-third of the world's children lack adequate shelter, 31% lack basic sanitation and 21% have no access to clean, potable water. Illness, malnutrition, and premature death are common when children lack the most basic protection.<strong></strong></p> <p> A government commissioned survey has found that more than 53 per cent of children in India are subjected to sexual abuse, but most don't report the assaults to anyone.</p> <p> The survey, released last April and which covered different forms of child abuse physical, sexual and emotional as well as female child neglect, found that two out of every three children have been physically abused.</p> <p> Parents and relatives, persons known to the child or in a position of trust and responsibility were mostly found to be the perpetrators of child sexual abuse in the country. According to the women and child development ministry-sponsored report, which assumes greater significance in the backdrop of the Nithari killings that brought into focus the issue of children's safety, those in the age group of 5-12 years reported higher levels of abuse.</p> <p> While releasing the survey, <strong>Women and Child Development Minister</strong> <strong>Renuka Chowdhury </strong>said, "Child abuse is shrouded in secrecy and there is a conspiracy of silence around the entire subject. The ministry is working on a new law for protection of children's rights by clearly specifying offences against children and stiffening punishments."</p> <p> The survey carried out across 13 states and with a sample size of 12,447, revealed that 53.22 per cent of children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse, with Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and Delhi reporting the highest percentage of such incidents. In 50 per cent of child abuse cases, the abusers were known to the child or were in a position of trust and responsibility and most children did not report the matter to anyone.</p> <p> The survey, sponsored by WCD ministry and carried out by the NGO Prayas in association with UNICEF and Save the Children, found that more than 50 per cent children were subjected to one or the other form of physical abuse and more boys than girls were abused physically. The first-ever survey on child abuse in the country disclosed that nearly 65 per cent of school children reported facing corporal punishment beatings by teachers mostly in government schools.</p> <p> Of children physically abused in families, in 88.6 per cent of the cases, it was the parents who were the perpetrators. More than 50 per cent had been sexually abused in ways that ranged from severe such as rape or fondling to milder forms of molestation that included forcible kissing.</p> <p> The study also interviewed 2,324 young adults between the ages of 18 and 24, almost half of whom reported being physically or sexually abused as children. When it comes to emotional abuse, every second child was subjected to emotional assault and in 83 per cent of the cases, parents were the abusers. <strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Children living with domestic violence may: </strong></p> <p> </p> <p>• Express behavioural problems.</p> <p>• Be more likely to truant or have difficulties at school.</p> <p>• Turn to alcohol or drugs.</p> <p>• Self-harm or attempt suicide.<strong></strong></p> <p> According to the <strong>NSPCC</strong> (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) of Children living with domestic violence:</p> <p> </p> <p>Ø 100% are emotionally abused.</p> <p>Ø 48% are psychologically abused.</p> <p>Ø 26% are physically abused.</p> <p>Ø 13% are accidentally injured.</p> <p>Ø 7% are sexually abused.</p> <p><strong>Recent figures from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) show that:</strong></p> <p>v Globally, 1 in 6 children work.</p> <p>v 218 million children aged 5 - 17 are involved in child labour world wide.</p> <p>v 126 million children work in hazardous conditions.</p> <p>v The highest numbers of child labourers are in the Asia/Pacific region, where there are 122 million working children.</p> <p>v The highest proportion of child labourers is in Sub Saharan Africa, where 26% of children (49 million) are involved in work.</p> <p><strong>DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH EDUCATION</strong> </p> <p> </p> <p> Education is the process of instruction aimed at the all round development of boys and girls. Education dispels ignorance. It is the only wealth that cannot be robbed. Learning includes the moral values and the improvement of character and the methods to increase the strength of mind.</p> <p> Once the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru said, "you can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women". This is absolutely true. Woman of any nation is the mirror to its civilization. If women enjoy good status it shows that the society has reached a level of maturity and sense of responsibility while a decadent image conjures up if the opposite is true. The story of Indian women is as old as the history of Indian civilization.</p> <p> Kumud Sharma of the Centre for Women's Development Studies in New Delhi traced the correlation between education and domestic violence to patriarchal attitudes. "Educated women are aware of their rights," she said. "They are no longer willing to follow commands blindly. When they ask questions, it causes conflicts, which, in turn, leads to violence. In many Indian states, working women are asked to hand over their paycheck to the husband and have no control over their finances. So, if they stop doing so or start asserting their right, there is bound to be friction."</p> <p><strong>Female Literacy in India </strong></p> <p> According to last census held in 2001, the percentage of female literacy in the country is 54.16%. The literacy rate in the country has increased from 18.33% in 1951 to 65.38% as per 2001 census. The female literacy rate has also increased from 8.86% in 1951 to 54.16%. It is noticed that the female literacy rate during the period 1991-2001 increased by 14.87% whereas male literacy rate rose by 11.72%. Hence the female literacy rate actually increased by 3.15% more compared to male literacy rate.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>WOMEN UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>Ø <strong>Andhra Pradesh</strong></p> <p> Sri Padmavati University, Tirupati</p> <p>Ø <strong>Delhi</strong><strong></strong></p> <p> Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Lajpat Nagar</p> <p>Ø <strong>Maharashtra</strong><strong></strong></p> <p> SNDT Women's University, Mumbai <strong></strong></p> <p>Ø <strong>Rajasthan</strong></p> <p> Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali</p> <p>Ø <strong>Tamil Nadu</strong></p> <p> Stella Maris College, Chennai</p> <p> Women's Christian College, Chennai</p> <p> Madura College, Madurai<strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>It is necessary to establish some more universities and colleges for women in India. Education is a solution for any type of problem in the society. Education gives strength, power and character. Education helps to improve economic position also in the society.</p> <p> The number of women job seekers has increased from 99.3 lacs in 1999 to 106.1 lacs in 2004. Thus the percentage of women job seekers to the total job-seekers has also increased from 24.6per cent in 1999 to 26.2per cent in 2004.</p> <p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> <p><strong>Table 1: Number of Women Job Seekers</strong></p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p><strong>Year</strong></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Number of Women (in lacs)</strong></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Percentage to total</strong></p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>1999</p> <p><br /></p> <p>99.3</p> <p><br /></p> <p>24.6</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2000</p> <p><br /></p> <p>104.5</p> <p><br /></p> <p>25.3</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2001</p> <p><br /></p> <p>108.8</p> <p><br /></p> <p>25.9</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2002</p> <p><br /></p> <p>106.0</p> <p><br /></p> <p>25.9</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2003</p> <p><br /></p> <p>107.5</p> <p><br /></p> <p>26.0</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2004</p> <p><br /></p> <p>106.1</p> <p><br /></p> <p>26.0</p> <p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> <p> Number of Educated Women Job Seekers as on December 2004 was 7537.7 thousand. Educated Women at the end of 2004 accounted for 25.8per cent of the total educated job-seekers.</p> <p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> <p><strong>Table 2: Number of Educated Women Job Seekers</strong></p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p><strong>Year</strong></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Number of Women</strong></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Percentage to total</strong></p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2000</p> <p><br /></p> <p>7911.7</p> <p><br /></p> <p>27.1</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2001</p> <p><br /></p> <p>8525.6</p> <p><br /></p> <p>28.1</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2002</p> <p><br /></p> <p>7921.4</p> <p><br /></p> <p>26.8</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2003</p> <p><br /></p> <p>8032.4</p> <p><br /></p> <p>26.6</p> <p><br /><br /><br /></p> <p>2004</p> <p><br /></p> <p>7537.7</p> <p><br /></p> <p>25.8</p> <p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Vision of National Commission for Women</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> Dr.( Miss. ) Girija Vyas took over as Chairperson of the National Commission for Women on 16th February, 2005.</p> <p><strong> </strong>The Indian Women of Today Culturally rooted, Globally oriented Healthy, Educated, Self Reliant Secure in her Home and Safe Outside With Access to all the Rights of a Citizen With Opportunity to Contribute in all walks of life.<strong></strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>MODERN INDIAN WOMEN</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> The status of women in modern India is a sort of a paradox. If on one hand she is at the peak of ladder of success, on the other hand she is mutely suffering the violence afflicted on her by her own family members. As compared with past women in modern times have achieved a lot but in reality they have to still travel a long way. Their path is full of roadblocks. The women have left the secured domain of their home and are now in the battlefield of life, fully armored with their talent. They had proven themselves. But in India they are yet to get their dues. The sex ratio of India shows that the Indian society is still prejudiced against female. There are 933 females per thousand males in India according to the census of 2001, which is much below the world average of 990 females. There are many problems which women in India have to go through daily. These problems have become the part and parcel of life of Indian women and some of them have accepted them as their fate.<strong></strong></p> <p><strong>FIRST WOMAN OF INDIA</strong></p> <p> Women had played an important role in the Modern World. Here are some of the most successful & first women of the world, who lead a Nation, a Party, a State, etc.</p> <p>· First woman President of Indian National Congress -- Annie Besant (1917)</p> <p>· First Indian woman President of Indian National Congress -- Sarojini Naidu (1925)</p> <p>· First woman Ambassador from India -- Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (to USSR from1947-49)</p> <p>· First woman Governor of an Indian State -- Sarojini Naidu (UP from 1947-48)</p> <p>· First woman Minister of an Indian State -- Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (UP)</p> <p>· First Mayor of Delhi -- Aruna Asif Ali (1958)</p> <p>· First woman Central Minister -- Rajkumari Amrit Kaur</p> <p>· First woman Film star to be a member of Rajya Sabha -- Nargis Dutt</p> <p>· First woman Chief Minister of an Indian State -- Sucheta Kriplani (UP from 1963-67)</p> <p>· First woman Prime Minister of India -- Indira Gandhi (1966-77 & 1980-84)</p> <p>· First woman Speaker of an Indian State -- Shano Devi</p> <p>· First woman winner of the Bharat Ratna -- Indira Ghandi (1971)</p> <p>· First woman Judge of the Supreme Court -- Justice M Fatima Bevi (1989)</p> <p>· First woman Chief Justice of a High Court -- Leila Seth (CJ of Himachal Pradesh 1991)</p> <p>· India's officially recognized billionth citizen -- Aastha (Born on May 11, 2000 at ND) <strong></strong></p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong></p> <p> Indian women have mastered anything and everything which a woman can dream of. But she still has to go a long way to achieve equal status in the minds of Indian men. The desire of Indian women can be best summed up in the following lines of 'Song of an African Women':</p> <p><strong><em>I have only one request.<br />I do not ask for money<br />Although I have need of it,<br />I do not ask for meat . . .<br />I have only one request, <br />And all I ask is<br />That you remove<br />The road block<br />From my path.</em></strong></p> <p> Educate all the children in the family. Education is the most powerful instrument for the development of women and children in the society.8th March is observed as <strong>International Women's Day</strong>. It is necessary to celebrate International Women's Day every year in a grand manner. Our present president Pratibha Patil is also a woman. It is the power and credit of woman. It is also very important to celebrate Children's Day on November 14th and Mother's day. </p> <p><strong>Reference:</strong></p> <p>1. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2001). The National Reading Panel: Reports of the Subgroups.</p> <p> </p> <p>2. UNESCO Institute for Statistics: Literacy rates, youth (15-24) and adult (15+), by region and gender (September 2006 Assessment).</p> <p> </p> <p>3. Heilbroner, R. L. (1995) Visions of the future: the distant past, yesterday, today, </p> <p> and tomorrow (New York: Oxford University Press).</p> <p> </p> <p>4. Child and Women Development Report, (2006), Ministry of Women and Child </p> <p> Development, Government of India, New Delhi.</p> <p> </p> <p>5. National Family Health Survey, (2006), Government of India, New Delhi.</p> <p> </p> <p>6. National Crime Records Bureau, (2007), Government of India, New Delhi.</p> <p> </p> <p>7. Census of India, (2001), Government of India, New Delhi.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>*****</strong></p> harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-70772724114931516082009-06-27T00:41:00.001-07:002009-06-27T00:41:44.241-07:00Women and Violence <p> </p> <p>Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in society. Violence against women takes a dismaying variety of forms, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamental human rights.</p> <p> </p> <p>In a statement to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in September 1995, the United Nations Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned. But he said that the problem continues to grow.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Secretary-General noted that domestic violence alone is on the increase. Studies in 10 countries, he said, have found that between 17 per cent and 38 per cent of women have suffered physical assaults by a partner.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the Platform for Action, the core document of the Beijing Conference, Governments declared that "violence against women constitutes a violation of basic human rights and is an obstacle to the achievement of the objectives of equality, development and peace".</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The Work Of The Special Reporter</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> </strong>The issue of the advancement of women's rights has concerned the United Nations since the Organization's founding. Yet the alarming global dimensions of female-targeted violence were not explicitly acknowledged by the international community until December 1993, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women.</p> <p> </p> <p>Until that point, most Governments tended to regard violence against women largely as a private matter between individuals, and not as a pervasive human rights problem requiring State intervention. In view of the alarming growth in the number of cases of violence against women throughout the world, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1994/45 of 4 March 1994, in which it decided to appoint the Special Reporter on violence against women, including its causes and consequences.</p> <p> </p> <p>As a result of these steps, the problem of violence against women has been drawing increasing political attention. The Special Reporter has a mandate to collect and analyze comprehensive data and to recommend measures aimed at eliminating violence at the international, national and regional levels. The mandate is threefold: ? To collect information on violence against women and its causes and consequences from sources such as Governments, treaty bodies, specialized agencies and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and to respond effectively to such information; To recommend measures and ways and means, at the national, regional and international levels, to eliminate violence against women and its causes, and to remedy its consequences; To work closely with other special reporters, special representatives, working groups and independent experts of the Commission on Human Rights.<br /> <br /> <strong>Incest, Rape And Domestic Violence</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Some females fall prey to violence before they are born, when expectant parents abort their unborn daughters, hoping for sons instead. In other societies, girls are subjected to such traditional practices as circumcision, which leave them maimed and traumatized. In others, they are compelled to marry at an early age, before they are physically, mentally or emotionally mature.</p> <p> </p> <p>Women are victims of incest, rape and domestic violence that often lead to trauma, physical handicap or death. And rape is still being used as a weapon of war, a strategy used to subjugate and terrify entire communities. Soldiers deliberately impregnate women of different ethnic groups and abandon them when it is too late to get an abortion. The Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women declared that rape in armed conflict is a war crime -- and could, under certain circumstances, be considered genocide. Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali told the Beijing Conference that more women today were suffering directly from the effects of war and conflict than ever before in history.</p> <p> </p> <p>"There is a deplorable trend towards the organized humiliation of women, including the crime of mass rape", the Secretary-General said. "We will press for international legal action against those who perpetrate organized violence against women in time of conflict."</p> <p> </p> <p>A preliminary report in 1994 by the Special Reporter, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, focused on three areas of concern where women are particularly vulnerable: <br /> 1. in the family (including domestic violence, traditional practices, infanticide);<br /> 2. in the community (including rape, sexual assault, commercialized violence such as trafficking in women, labor exploitation, female migrant workers etc.); <br /> 3. and by the State (including violence against women in detention as well as violence against women in situations of armed conflict and against refugee women).</p> <p> </p> <p>In the Platform for Action adopted at the Beijing Conference, violence against women and the human rights of women are 2 of the 12 critical areas of concern identified as the main obstacles to the advancement of women.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Commitments By Governments</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Governments agreed to adopt and implement national legislation to end violence against women and to work actively to ratify all international agreements that relate to violence against women. They agreed that there should be shelters, legal aid and other services for girls and women at risk, and counseling and rehabilitation for perpetrators. Governments also pledged to adopt appropriate measures in the field of education to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women. And the Platform called on media professionals to develop self-regulatory guidelines to address violent, degrading and pornographic materials while encouraging non-stereotyped, balanced and diverse images of women.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Defining Gender-Based Abuse</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women is the first international human rights instrument to exclusively and explicitly address the issue of violence against women. It affirms that the phenomenon violates, impairs or nullifies women's human rights and their exercise of fundamental freedoms.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Declaration provides a definition of gender-based abuse, calling it "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life".</p> <p> </p> <p>The definition is amplified in article 2 of the Declaration, which identifies three areas in which violence commonly takes place:</p> <p> </p> <p>1.Physical, sexual and psychological violence that occurs in the family, including battering; sexual abuse of female children in the household; dowry-related violence; marital rape; female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women; non-spousal violence; and violence related to exploitation;</p> <p> </p> <p>2. Physical, sexual and psychological violence that occurs within the general community, including rape; sexual abuse; sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere; trafficking in women; and forced prostitution;</p> <p> </p> <p>3. Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Groundwork Is Laid In Vienna</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>The importance of the question of violence against women was emphasized over the last decade through the holding of several expert group meetings sponsored by the United Nations to draw attention to the extent and severity of the problem.</p> <p> </p> <p>In September 1992, the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women established a special Working Group and gave it a mandate to draw up a draft declaration on violence against women.</p> <p> </p> <p>The following year, the United Nations Commission for Human Rights, in resolution 1993/46 of 3 March, condemned all forms of violence and violations of human rights directed specifically against women. The World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in June 1993, laid extensive groundwork for eliminating violence against women. In the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Governments declared that the United Nations system and Member States should work towards the elimination of violence against women in public and private life; of all forms of sexual harassment, exploitation and trafficking in women; of gender bias in the administration of justice; and of any conflicts arising between the rights of women and the harmful effects of certain traditional or customary practices, cultural prejudices and religious extremism.</p> <p> </p> <p>The document also declared that "violations of the human rights of women in situations of armed conflicts are violations of the fundamental principles of international human rights and humanitarian law", and that all violations of this kind -- including murder, systematic rape, sexual slavery and forced pregnancy -- "require a particularly effective <br /> response".</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kinds Of Violence Against Women</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> <strong>Domestic violence</strong></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Violence against women in the family occurs in developed and developing countries alike. It has long been considered a private matter by bystanders -- including neighbours, the community and government. But such private matters have a tendency to become public tragedies. <br /> In the United States, a woman is beaten every 18 minutes. Indeed, domestic violence is the leading cause of injury among women of reproductive age in the United States. Between 22 and 35 per cent of women who visit emergency rooms are there for that reason. The highly publicized trial of O. J. Simpson, the retired United States football player acquitted of the murder of his former wife and a male friend of hers, helped focus international media attention on the issue of domestic violence and spousal abuse. In Peru, 70 per cent of all crimes reported to the police involve women beaten by their husbands. In Pakistan, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto strongly defended a 35-year-old mother of two who was severely burned by her husband in a domestic dispute.</p> <p> </p> <p>"There is no excuse for such a behaviour", the Prime Minister declared after visiting the hospitalized victim. "My presence here is to send a message to all those who violate Islamic teachings and defy laws of the land with their inhuman treatment of women. This will not be tolerated." According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, in the 400 cases of domestic violence reported in 1993 in the province of Punjab, nearly half ended with the death of the wife.</p> <p> </p> <p>According to the Special Reporter's report, many Governments now recognize the importance of protecting victims of domestic abuse and taking action to punish perpetrators. The establishment of structures allowing officials to deal with cases of domestic violence and its consequences is a significant step towards the elimination of violence against women in the family.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Special Reporter's report highlights the importance of adopting legislation that provides for prosecution of the offender. It also stresses the importance of specialized training for law enforcement authorities as well as medical and legal professionals, and of the establishment of community support services for victims, including access to information and shelters.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Traditional practices</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In many countries, women fall victim to traditional practices that violate their human rights. The persistence of the problem has much to do with the fact that most of these physically and psychologically harmful customs are deeply rooted in the tradition and culture of society.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Female genital mutilation</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>According to the World Health Organization, 85 million to 115 million girls and women in the population have undergone some form of female genital mutilation and suffer from its adverse health effects. Every year an estimated 2 million young girls undergo this procedure. Most live in Africa and Asia -- but an increasing number can be found among immigrant and refugee families in Western Europe and North America. Indeed, the practice has been outlawed in some European countries. In France, a Malian was convicted in a criminal court after his baby girl died of a female circumcision-related infection. The procedure had been performed on the infant at home.</p> <p> </p> <p>In Canada, fear of being forced to undergo circumcision can be grounds for asylum. A Nigerian woman was granted refugee status since she felt that she might be persecuted in her home country because of her refusal to inflict genital mutilation on her baby daughter. There is a growing consensus that the best way to eliminate these practices is through educational campaigns that emphasize their dangerous health consequences. Several Governments have been actively promoting such campaigns in their countries.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Son preference</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Son preference affects women in many countries, particularly in Asia. Its consequences can be anything from fetal or female infanticide to neglect of the girl child over her brother in terms of such essential needs as nutrition, basic health care and education. In China and India, some women choose to terminate their pregnancies when expecting daughters but carry their pregnancies to term when expecting sons.</p> <p> </p> <p>According to reports from India, genetic testing for sex selection has become a booming business, especially in the country's northern regions. Indian gender-detection clinics drew protests from women's groups after the appearance of advertisements suggesting that it was better to spend $38 now to terminate a female fetus than $3,800 later on her dowry. A study of amniocentesis procedures conducted in a large Bombay hospital found that 95.5 per cent of fetuses identified as female were aborted, compared with a far smaller percentage of male fetuses. The problem of son preference is present in many other countries as well. Asked how many children he had fathered, the former United States boxing champion Muhammad Ali told an interviewer: "One boy and seven mistakes."</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dowry-related violence and early marriage</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In some countries, weddings are preceded by the payment of an agreed-upon dowry by the bride's family. Failure to pay the dowry can lead to violence.</p> <p> </p> <p>In Bangladesh, a bride whose dowry was deemed too small was disfigured after her husband threw acid on her face. In India, an average of five women a day are burned in dowry-related disputes -- and many more cases are never reported. Early marriage, especially without the consent of the girl, is another form of human rights violation. Early marriage followed by multiple pregnancies can affect the health of women for life. The report of the Special Reporter has documented the destructive effects of marriage of female children under 18 and has urged Governments to adopt relevant legislation.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Violence In The Community</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Rape</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Rape can occur anywhere, even in the family, where it can take the form of marital rape or incest. It occurs in the community, where a woman can fall prey to any abuser. It also occurs in situations of armed conflict and in refugee camps.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the United States, national statistics indicate that a woman is raped every six minutes. In 1995, the case of a Brazilian jogger raped and murdered in New York City's Central Park drew international attention once again to the problem. The incident occurred only a few years after an earlier sensational jogger-assault case in which the victim -- an American assaulted in the same general area of the park -- barely survived after her assailants left her for dead.</p> <p> </p> <p>Relations between residents of the Japanese island of Okinawa and American GIs were thrown into turmoil in 1995 after two marines and a sailor allegedly kidnapped and raped a 12-year-old girl. The Special Reporter?s report underlines the importance of education to sensitize the public about the special horrors of rape, and of sensitivity training for the police and hospital staff who work with victims.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Sexual assault within marriage</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In many countries sexual assault by a husband on his wife is not considered to be a crime: a wife is expected to submit. It is thus very difficult in practice for a woman to prove that sexual assault has occurred unless she can demonstrate serious injury. The report of the Special Reporter noted that light sentences in sexual <br /> assault cases send the wrong message to perpetrators and to the public at large: that female sexual victimization is unimportant.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Sexual harassment</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Sexual harassment in the workplace is a growing concern for women. Employers abuse their authority to seek sexual favors from their female co-workers or subordinates, sometimes promising promotions or other forms of career advancement or simply creating an untenable and hostile work environment. Women who refuse to give in to such unwanted sexual advances often run the risk of anything from demotion to dismissal. But in recent years more women have been coming forward to report such practices -- some taking their cases to court.</p> <p> </p> <p>In her report, the Special Reporter stressed that sexual harassment constitutes a form of sex discrimination. "It not only degrades the woman", the report noted, "but reinforces and reflects the idea of non-professionalism on the part of women workers, who are consequently regarded as less able to perform their duties than their male colleagues."</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Prostitution And Trafficking</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> </strong>Many women are forced into prostitution either by their parents, husbands or boyfriends -- or as a result of the difficult economic and social conditions in which they find themselves. They are also lured into prostitution, sometimes by "mail-order bride" agencies that promise to find them a husband or a job in a foreign country. As a result, they very often find themselves illegally confined in brothels in slavery-like conditions where they are physically abused and their passports withheld.</p> <p> </p> <p>Most women initially victimized by sexual traffickers have little inkling of what awaits them. They generally get a very small percentage of what the customer pays to the pimp or the brothel owner. Once they are caught up in the system there is practically no way out, and they find themselves in a very vulnerable situation. Since prostitution is illegal in many countries, it is difficult for prostitutes to come forward and ask for protection if they become victims of rape or want to escape from brothels. Customers, on the other hand, are rarely the object of penal laws.</p> <p> </p> <p>In Thailand, prostitutes who complain to the police are often arrested and sent back to the brothels upon payment of a fine. The extent of trafficking in women and girl children has reached alarming proportions, especially in Asian countries.</p> <p> </p> <p>Many women and girl children are trafficked across borders, often with the complicity of border guards. In one incident, five young prostitutes burned to death in a brothel fire because they had been chained to their beds. At the same time, sex tours of developing countries are a well-organized industry in several European and other industrialized countries.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Special Reporter has called on Governments to take action to protect young girls from being recruited as prostitutes and to closely monitor recruiting agencies.<br /> <br /> <strong>Violence Against Women Migrant Workers</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Female migrant workers typically leave their countries for better living conditions and better pay -- but the real benefits accrue to both the host countries and the countries of origin.</p> <p> </p> <p>For home countries, money sent home by migrant workers is an important source of hard currency, while receiving countries are able to find workers for low-paying jobs that might otherwise go unfilled.</p> <p> </p> <p>But migrant workers themselves fare badly, and sometimes tragically. Many become virtual slaves, subject to abuse and rape by their employers.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the Middle East and Persian Gulf region, there are an estimated 1.2 million women, mainly Asians, who are employed as domestic servants. According to the independent human rights group Middle East Watch, female migrant workers in Kuwait often suffer beatings and sexual assaults at the hands of their employers.</p> <p> </p> <p>The police are often of little help. In many cases, women who report being raped by their employers are sent back to the employer -- or are even assaulted at the police station. Working conditions are often appalling, and employers prevent women from escaping by seizing their passports or identity papers. The report of the Special Reporter draws attention to the fact that there are many international instruments that can be used to prevent abuse against migrant women and suggests some measures to protect the human rights of migrant women.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Pornography</strong><br /> Another concern highlighted in the Special Reporter's report is pornography, which represents a form of violence against women that "glamorizes the degradation and maltreatment of women and asserts their subordinate function as mere receptacles for male lust".</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Violence Perpetrated Or Condoned By States</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> <strong> Custodial Violence Against Women</strong></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> </strong>Violence against women by the very people who are supposed to protect them -- members of the law enforcement and criminal justice systems -- is widespread.</p> <p> </p> <p>Women are physically or verbally abused; they also suffer sexual and physical torture. According to Amnesty International, thousands of women held in custody are routinely raped in police detention centers worldwide. The report of the Special Reporter underlines the necessity for States to prosecute those accused of abusing women while in detention and to hold them accountable for their actions.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Violence Against Women In Situations Of Armed Conflict </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><br /> </strong>Rape has been widely used as a weapon of war whenever armed conflicts arise between different parties. It has been used all over the world: in Chiapas, Mexico, in Rwanda, in Kuwait, in Haiti, in Colombia. Women and girl children are frequently victims of gang rape committed by soldiers from all sides of a conflict. Such acts are done mainly to trample the dignity of the victims. Rape has been used to reinforce the policy of ethnic cleansing in the war that has been tearing apart the former Yugoslavia.</p> <p> </p> <p>The so-called "comfort women" -- young girls of colonized or occupied countries who became sexual slaves to Japanese soldiers during the Second World War -- have dramatized the problem in a historical context. Many of these women are now coming forward and demanding compensation for their suffering from Japanese authorities. "Such rape is the symbolic rape of the community, the destruction of the fundamental elements of a society and culture -- the ultimate humiliation of the male enemy", the report by the Special Reporter noted. It stressed the need to hold the perpetrators of such crimes fully accountable.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Violence Against Refugee And Displaced Women</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Women and children form the great majority of refugee populations all over the world and are especially vulnerable to violence and exploitation. In refugee camps, they are raped and abused by military and immigration personnel, bandit groups, male refugees and rival ethnic groups. They are also forced into prostitution. In her report, the Special Reporter proposes the following measures to be taken for the protection of women and girls in refugee camps: improvement of security, deployment of trained female officers at all points of the refugees' journey, participation of women in organizational structures of the camps and prosecution of government and military personnel responsible for abuse against refugee women.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Legal Steps To Criminalize Violence Against Women</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In recent years some countries have taken significant steps towards improving laws relating to violence against women. For example: <br /> # In July 1991, Mexico revised its rape law in several important ways. A provision was eliminated that allowed a man who rapes a minor to avoid prosecution if he agrees to marry her. Now judges are required to hand down a decision regarding access to an abortion within five working days.</p> <p> </p> <p># On 9 June 1994, the Organization of American States adopted the Inter-American Convention to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women a new international instrument that recognizes all gender-based violence as an abuse of human rights. This Convention provides an individual right of petition and a right for non-governmental organizations to lodge complaints with the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights.</p> <p> </p> <p># In Australia, a National Committee on Violence against Women was established to coordinate the development of policy, legislation and law enforcement at the national level as well as community education on violence against women.</p> <p> </p> <p># In 1991, the Government of Canada announced a new four-year Family Violence Initiative intended to mobilize community action, strengthen Canada's legal framework, establish services on Indian reserves and in Inuit communities, develop resources to help victims and stop offenders, and provide housing for abused women and children.</p> <p> </p> <p># In Turkey, a Ministry of State for Women was established whose main goals are, among others, to promote women's rights and strengthen their role in economic, social, political and cultural life. Legal measures are being adopted towards the elimination of violence against women.</p> <p> </p> <p>The establishment of special courts to deal with violence is envisaged. Psychological treatment for abused women is also planned, along with the establishment of women's shelters around the country. Specially trained female police officers could provide assistance to victims of violence. ? In Burkina Faso, a strong advertising campaign by the Government as well as television and radio programmes on the unhealthy practice of genital mutilation was launched to educate and raise public awareness about the dangerous consequences of such an "operation". A National Anti-Excision Committee was established in 1990 by the present head of State. Today, the practice of genital mutilation has been eliminated in some villages of Burkina Faso. In others, there has been an incredible drop in the number of girls excised: only 10 per cent of the girls are excised compared to 100 per cent 10 years ago.</p> <p> </p> <p>? Some countries have introduced police units specially trained for dealing with spousal assault. In Brazil, specific police stations have been designated to deal with women's issues, including domestic violence. These police stations are staffed entirely by women.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Ensuring That Laws Are Obeyed</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>These examples illustrate some steps taken at the national level towards the eradication of violence against women. Combating and eradicating this scourge require enhanced and concerted efforts to protect women at the local, national and international levels.</p> <p> </p> <p>States have tended to adopt a passive attitude when confronted by cases of violations of women's rights by private actors. Most laws fail to protect victims or to punish perpetrators. Passing laws to criminalize violence against women is an important way to redefine the limits of acceptable behavior.</p> <p> </p> <p>States should ensure that national legislation, once adopted, does not go unenforced. State responsibility is clearly underlined in article 4 of the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, which stipulates that "States should exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and, in accordance with national legislation, punish acts of violence against women, whether those acts are perpetrated by the State or by private persons".</p> <p> </p> <p>Any approach designed to combat violence must be twofold, addressing the root causes of the problem and treating its manifestations. Society at large, including judges and police officers, must be educated to change the social attitudes and beliefs that encourage male violence.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong><br /> The meaning of gender and sexuality and the balance of power between women and men at all levels of society must be reviewed. Combating violence against women requires challenging the way that gender roles and power relations are articulated in society. In many countries women have a low status. They are considered as inferior and there is a strong belief that men are superior to them and even own them. Changing people's attitude and mentality towards women will take a long time -- at least a generation, many believe, and perhaps longer. Nevertheless, raising awareness of the issue of violence against women, and educating boys and men to view women as valuable partners in life, in the development of a society and in the attainment of peace are just as important as taking legal steps to protect women's human rights. It is also important in order to prevent violence that non-violent means be used to resolve conflict between all members of society. Breaking the cycle of abuse will require concerted collaboration and action between governmental and non-governmental actors, including educators, health-care authorities, legislators, the judiciary and the mass media.</p> <p> </p> harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-17513111798920469372009-06-26T08:03:00.001-07:002009-06-26T08:03:55.500-07:00Nigerian Women Agro-entrepreneurship Development: Issues and Challenges <p><strong>Introduction </strong></p><p> Suleiman (2006) defined entrepreneurship as <em>"the willingness and ability of an individual to seek for investment opportunities to establish and run an enterprise successfully" while </em>Drucker viewed an entrepreneur as a person who perceives business opportunities and takes advantage of the scarce resources and uses them profitably. Entrepreneurs are job creators and/or become self-employed rather than seekers of jobs in an overstretched public service. Using USA standard, a woman-owned enterprise is a small enterprise that is at least 51% owned, managed and operated by one or more women. </p><p> A small-scale farming is a farm holding established on a land area of not less than 5 hectares. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale farming enterprises are owned by men. This does not imply that Nigerian women agriculturists are not desirous of expanding their businesses due to so many challenges which border on gender issues, economic or socio-cultural barriers as well as government unfavourable policies. This paper, a purely descriptive research, employs secondary data to expound on the issues and challenges confronting the development of the Nigerian women to full blown agro- entrepreneurs for national economic advancement. The rest of the discussion in this paper is organized along the following issues; </p><p>· Women's potentials in entrepreneurial skills. </p><p>· Why women entrepreneurship development? </p><p>· Policy Framework for Women Entrepreneurship Development. </p><p>· Challenges faced by women agro-entrepreneurs.</p><p>· Strategies for development of women agro-entrepreneurs. </p><p>· Conclusion.</p> <p><strong>Women's Potentials in Entrepreneurial Skills </strong></p><p>Women in general are naturally endowed with some exceptional abilities, which if properly harnessed for entrepreneurship purpose, could result in positive and enviable results. Women by nature; </p><p>v Have creative abilities</p><p>v Are blessed with ability to persist and pursue their desires </p><p>v Are good and patient nurtures of children, and this tenacity is usually transferred into business </p><p>v Are good innovators </p><p>v Have ability to develop passion for what they believe in </p><p>Waton (undated) cited in Okara (2005) identified the basic requirements of an entrepreneur to include: hardwork, teamwork, commitment, appreciation, listening, high expectations, setting achievable goals. Women, by nature and exposure to family relationships, possess most of these qualities that are essential and can be enhanced for entrepreneurial success. </p> <p><strong>Why Women Entrepreneurship Development? </strong></p><p> Many researchers have shown that poverty is a malady that incapacitates its victim economically and indirectly subject him/her to a state of destitution, voicelessness, powerlessness and even violence (World Bank 2000; Okojie, 2002) Unfortunately, the most affected sex by the above incapacitation are women and children. Statistics show that women are poorer than men. The UNDP (1995) estimated that, about 60% of the world-poors, are women. Women are poorer because they are more vulnerable economically. </p><p> The findings of Thane (1978), Showalter (1987) and Lewis and Piachered (1987) cited in Magaji (2004) showed that women have been the poor sex throughout the 20th Century and have formed a substantial majority of the poor since poverty was first recognized. On why women are the poorest sex, the physical strength of women and various challenges limit them to specific soft duties making it difficult to be enterprising. Entrepreneurship development therefore is a crucial tool for women's economic empowerment. </p><p> The benefits derivable from empowering the women folk are far reaching, starting with family advancement and eventually touching on the national and global economic advancement. According to the Nigerian Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development, Hajiya H. S. Bungudu, the latest Nigerian census revealed that women constitute 49.9% of the nation's population; the underrepresentation of women (2%) in the nation's development processes in finance, business and investment fronts renders 40% of the population inadequately positioned to contribute to the economic growth of the country. It is the nation that blends the strengths of women and men that will lead the world in development (Kiyosaki 1993) in the field of agriculture and other sectors.</p><p>Entrepreneurship or investing is not an exclusive reserve of any gender. Both women and men generate the same result provided they follow the principles of investment. Kiyosaki (1993) proves with statistical data in United States, that women are better investors than men. A year 2000 National Association of Investors Corporation (NAIC) study found that women-only clubs achieved average annual returns of 32% since 1951 versus 23% for men-only investment clubs. The verdict is; women know how to handle money and can be greater entrepreneurs than men if the various obstacles to development is removed or minimized. </p> <p><strong>Policy Framework for Women Entrepreneurship Development</strong></p><p>There are neither policies nor strategies for entrepreneurship development that is specifically tailored to women (Olutunla, 2008). The Nigerian government's policy of promoting entrepreneurship dated back to the early 1970s. The hope of promoting small scale enterprises to stimulate entrepreneurship was documented in the 2nd National Development Plan (1970-74). This policy continued in the 3rd (1975-80) and the 4th National Development Plan through various strategies of technical, financial and management of the small scale industries. The Federal Government's concern for the menacing problem of mass unemployment in the mid-1980s spurred the setting up of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) in 1986 and the Work For Yourself Programme (WFYP) in 1987. Both were essentially joint programmes of training and financial support to entrepreneurs. The NDE operations included three core programmes (i) Youth Employment and Vocational Skills Development Program (YEVSDP) (ii) agricultural programs (iii) the small scale industries and graduate employment scheme. The NDE, though starved of fund for some time, has achieved a lot in promoting employment, create wealth and alleviating women poverty. The Better Life for Rural Women Programme (BLRWP) initiative of a first lady of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Maryam Babangida, was an entrepreneurship development programme specifically for promoting education, health and economic development of women. It made unprecedented contribution to women through the cooperative organizations. The spirit of BLRWP is still operating today through the subsequent first ladies. A number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) also came up to promote entrepreneurship development. Prominent amongst them was the Country Women Association of Nigeria (COWAN) which contributed immensely towards women entrepreneurship development through organization of many cooperatives and micro-credit schemes and in partnership with the United Nations. </p> <p><strong>The Role of Women in Agriculture</strong></p><p>A significant amount of work has been carried out in developing countries on the potential of women in boosting food production. Boserup (1970) described Black Africa as the region of female farming par excellence. FAO (1982) estimated that the rural women contribute two-third of all the time that is put into traditional agriculture in Africa. Accat (1983) also pointed out that 80% of African women are engaged in agriculture. Patel and Antonio (1973) reported that 95% of the Yoruba women of the Southwestern Nigeria are engaged in farm works, growing yams, maize, tobacco and cassava, poultry and fish farming. They also participate in bush clearing, land preparation and weeding. In addition to their role in production, they are actively engaged in harvesting, processing and marketing of farm produce. The participation of Igbo men in nonfarm activities and waged employment has resulted in an increased workload for women in food crop production as well as a breakdown of the gender division of labor in agriculture. Igbo women now undertake some of the conventional male agricultural tasks in addition to those in the female domain (Ezumah and Di Domenico, 1995). The predominance of women in the small-scale fisheries post-harvest activities: micro-fish retailing, fish processing, fish distribution and marketing, make women the major players in the socio-economic development of the West African countries.</p><p>Despite women's extensive and varied participation in agriculture, they continue to have less access to credit and modern agriculture inputs. Consequently, their farm works is labor-intensive, yields meager economic returns (Buvinie and Mehra, 1990) and operate mostly at subsistence level. International Labour Organization (ILO 2003) quoted in Akpera and Sunday (2008) reported that Nigerian and African women entrepreneurs in general are in the micro enterprise sector and almost invisible in the small and medium enterprise categories. </p> <p><strong>The Challenges of Nigerian Women Agro-Entrepreneurs </strong></p><p> Some of the many obstacles that hinder women enterprise development, agribusiness growth and improved income earnings include;</p><p>1) Finance </p><p>The greatest challenge for Nigerian women in agribusiness is lack of finance. Women in agribusiness need substantial finance both for start-up and expansion. Finance could be in form of equity or from external sources. Equity from informal sources includes personal savings, friends and relatives, traditional (esusu), professional and age-group associations as well as formal co-operative societies. </p><p>External finance is majorly from banks (specialized, development, commercial, etc), government agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), international donors, etc. Entrepreneurs are expected to provide, in some cases, 25% of fund applied for and/or produce collaterals before accessing these external finances. It has been difficult for women to raise equity for own business because most women interested or engaged in farming earn low income. Many of the commercial or development banks are reluctant to grant agricultural loans due generally to the high agricultural risk factor or because they do not have competent assessors as in the case of fish farming. The high interest rate charged as well as the demand for collateral of landed property or other assets also compound the issue. </p><p> Currently, the Microfinance banks (MFB) are the government's latest major organ of policy for entrepreneurship finance in Nigeria. In an ongoing research conducted recently, it was discovered that male to female application and approval by MFB are in the ratio 65% to 35%. This discrepancy was linked to women entrepreneurs approaching banks on an individual basis and lack of soundly written business plan and/or feasibility studies (Olutunla, 2008). </p><p>2) Manpower and Education</p><p>The whole business be- it agricultural or any other, revolves around the entrepreneur (visionary) as she combines all other human, financial and material resources to create an enterprise of value. The chief executive of the business outfit must be knowledgeable to effectively mobilize resources to advantage. Agribusiness at small or medium scale is highly professional, technologically driven and require some level of education.<strong> </strong>Education not only provides basic knowledge and skills to improve health and Iivelihood, but it empowers women to take their rightful place in society and the development process (Fasokun 2000).</p><p> Entrepreneurial education seems to be the major key policy to promote entrepreneurship development for women in Nigeria. Entrepreneurship education should be inculcated into school curriculum at all levels. Research indicates that Small and Medium Enterprise Industrial Empowerment Scheme (SMEIES) operators ranked the reasons for failure of entrepreneurs' application for loans and came up with reasons that range from bad feasibility studies, poor management skills, lack of proper accounting, poor character checks and attitudes among others. All these are challenges that can be remedied by entrepreneurship education. Even as the 93 approved Nigerian universities have adopted entrepreneurial studies, funds and the dearth of teachers to train the students has remained an obstacle. </p><p>A number of current training centers/programs are urban-based, for example, the Industrial Development Centers established in the 1960s are urban-based. Small Medium Entrepreneurial Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) aimed at facilitating credit, technology markets, capacity building, training and technical support for SMEs and provide adequate linkage with women bodies is urban-based and starved of funds. Agribusiness is rural-based and better educated farmers are more likely to adopt new technologies and have access to credit and extension services (Adereti, 2000). </p><p>3) Technology</p><p>Many women, due to lack of exposure and financial limitations, still make use of old technology in farming, processing and preservation thus leading to drudgery and low output. </p> <p>4) Cultural Restrictions/Weak Land Rights:</p><p>The Nigerian culture cannot be described as being gender friendly. For example, the "Kule" policy in the North where married women are forbidden from going out of the house in daylight for business is an initiative/development-killer policy that should be discouraged in this 21st Century. In Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, where women have prime responsibility for food production, they are generally limited to user rights to land and subject to the consent of a male relative (FAO, 1982). Culture and social practices discriminate against women to be enterprise successors/inheritors or own independent assets which could easily serve as collaterals. Such unequal land rights are reflected in the smaller land sizes of women farmers thus limiting them economically. </p> <p>5) Lack of Equipment and Appropriate Technology</p><p>Despite women's extensive and varied participation in agriculture, they continue to have less access to modern agriculture inputs. Consequently, women agro-entrepreneurs work under very difficult and laborious conditions, using crude traditional technology. Technology is closely related to finance and education. Nigerian women entrepreneurs, especially in agriculture, work under very difficult and laborious conditions, using crude traditional technology. There is urgent need for provision of modern, cost effective and affordable technologies for the use of women. </p><p>Moreover, some new technology has often been inappropriate to women's needs. There is a need to define some priority actions to promote the role of women in the economy because it has been showed that women are productive and efficient when they have access to the right technologies and opportunities.</p><p>6) Erroneous Ideas about Women and Credit</p><p>There are certain myths about women in respect to credit which have made them to remain poor and limited their entrepreneurial prospects. One of such myths is that poor women make poor credit risks. This is being proved wrong as Olutunla (2008) reported that Nigerian women have been found to be more faithful in terms of loan repayment to Banks than men.</p><p>7) Entrepreneurial Attitude</p><p>According to Akpa (2007), an average entrepreneur is rugged and aggressive. These are common attributes of men while most women are of the gentle and kind disposition. Men tend to focus on gettingthe job done while women tend to focus on being more inclusive and relational. If a woman entrepreneur is to succeed, she must adopt some level of ruggedness and aggressiveness. Success is not gender-friendly.</p><p>8) Research and Extension Services</p><p>For a long time, agronomic researchers do not pay attention to the role of women in the farming system. Research into the activities of women in agriculture is gaining attention only recently. A survey in Ogun State, Nigeria (Elabor-Idemudia, 1991) and Osun State, Nigeria (Ogbimi and Williams, 1999) revealed that Extension Agents visited between 7-10% of women farmers every week compared to 70% of the male farmers who received weekly visits. An FAO (1989) study found government investment on agriculture represented less than half the sector's contribution to national income, therefore, it is reasonable to guess that women's access to extension services and training especially in the area of fish farming, processing, packaging, distribution and marketing are unlikely to improve when the overall funding and availability of services is declining.</p><p>9) Misplaced Focus</p><p>Many agricultural projects and programs are not suited to the special circumstances of women or may not reach women at all, thus truncating the intended effort to increase food production.</p><p>10) Market and Marketing</p><p>Due to lack of good roads in Nigeria, electricity, poor access to information and poor networking, many farm produce perish thus discouraging women farmers. </p> <p><strong>Strategies for Women Agro-Entrepreneurship Development</strong></p><p>· The complementary policy issues in entrepreneurship education should include increasing women enrolment in schools at all levels especially in the field of agriculture to reduce gender inequality. Budgetary allocation should be made to accommodate more continuing and vocational education. </p><p>· More seminars/workshops should be sponsored and extended to rural areas to increase women's capacity to start and grow their agribusiness, prepare sound business plan/feasibility studies and increase their technical and managerial capacity in agribusiness.</p><p>· Modern processing plants/storage facilities should be installed for women groups on government/private joint partnership basis so that women can process and store their farm produce with ease.</p><p>· The enabling environment in terms of gender-friendly policies, good roads, pipe-borne water and electricity should be provided by the various arms of government.</p><p>· Cooperatives and women groups should be more formally instituted and encouraged among women to position them strategically to access fund and other inputs with ease.</p><p>· The Government should mandate the commercial Banks to produce more gender-friendly loan packages (low interest rates and more relaxed duration of repayment).</p><p>· Women should be exposed to the latest agro-technology from time to time to remove drudgery in farming, processing and preservation techniques.</p><p>· Nigerian women should be encouraged to network more, both at the national and international levels for more exposure, to access fund and export information. </p><p>· Agro-extension institutions should be boosted and more women extension agents be trained to reduce women to extension workers ratio and for wider coverage of women agriculturists.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p> Nigeria's vision of becoming one of the top twenty leading economies of the world by the year 2020, otherwise known simply as vision 20:20 appears compelling enough to energize its over 150 million people (nearly half of which are women) to make the vision a reality. To accomplish this laudable goal, there is urgent need to pay attention to the development of agro-women entrepreneurs so that they can take their place in family advancement and national economic development. The government and development/change agencies must not only be prepared to recognize the economic role of the women but must also extend to them the same recognition and facilities as the men are enjoying.</p> <br /> <p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p><p>Accat, E.C. (1983): "Women's Role in Horticultural Production in Developing Countries" A Paper presented at F.A.O. Expert Consultation on Women in Food Production. Rome, Italy. 7-14 December, pp. 3-7.</p><p>Adereti F.O. (2000): Poverty Alleviating Strategies for Rural Women in Osun State. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Ibadan , pp.36-37.</p><p>Akpa A. (2007): Challenges of the Nigerian entrepreneur in the twenty-first century. 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FAO, Rome pg.5</p><p>Food and Agricultural Organization (1989): <em>Effects of Stabilization and Structural Adjustment</em></p><p><em>Programmes on Food Security</em>. Committee on World Food Security, Fourteenth Session, Rome, Italy, 3-7 April 1987.</p><p>Kiyosaki, T.R. (1993):<em>If you want to be Rich and Happy, Don't Go to School </em>(Fair field: Aslan publishing)</p><p>Ogbimi G. E. and and Williams S. B. (1999): Gender Sensitivity and Marginalized Group: Assessment</p><p>of Availability of Productive Assets to Women in Agricultural Development. Unpublished Paper. 14p.</p><p>Okojie, C.E.E. (2002): "<em>Globalization and the Women's Enterprises; Opportunity and Challenges</em>". UNIFEM Women Entrepreneurs Forum. Lagos </p><p>Olutunla G.T. (2008): Policy Framework and Strategy for Entrepreneurship Development of Nigerian Women. A paper presented at the 3-day International workshop on "Promoting Entrepreneurship Education Amongst Nigerian Women: Issues and Approaches" Abuja. 15p</p><p>Magaji, S. (2004): "<em>Introduction to Project Evaluation</em>". Sanitex Press. Abuja</p><p>Patel, A.U. and Anthonio, Q.B.O. (1973): "Farmers' Wives in Agricultural Development: The Nigerian Case" Paper presented at XV International Congress of Agricultural Economists. August 20-29, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</p><p>Suleiman, A.S. (2006): <em>The Business Entrepreneur; Entrepreneurial Development, Small and Medium Enterprises</em>, 2nd Edition, Entrepreneurship Academy Publishing, Kaduna.</p><p>World Bank (2000): "<em>Nigeria</em><em> at a glance</em>". The World Bank, Washington D.C</p> harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-60412675836825701072009-06-25T19:17:00.001-07:002009-06-25T19:17:17.135-07:00Influential Women In The Military The Military Women <h2> </h2> Throughout the history of the military, women have played a large role. Not only by supporting the soldiers but standing next to the male soldiers, ready to fight. Over nine thousand women served over in Vietnam and more served at hospitals caring for wounded soldiers (Wilson, 1996). In September of 2005 there were an estimated 203,000 women on active duty serving in the United States military (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2007, ¶ 24). While some do not believe women should be on the front lines, having women in the military has helped create a strong, more integrated fighting force <h2> </h2> Vietnam and Other Wars <h2> </h2> When Pearl Harbor was attacked the military did not have enough male soldiers to fill certain jobs which did not have to do with direct combat. These jobs are supported military occupational specialties (MOS). Many of these jobs were clerical duties, nursing, civil service and laundry workers. The government finally decided to let women fill these jobs and let them men go fight in the war. Many served in the civilian sector but some were sent overseas; and some women did die in World War II and Vietnam. <h2> </h2> Vietnam was a remarkable breakthrough for women in all armed forces. Women served in the Marines, Air Force, Navy and Army. By the time the military was leaving Vietnam, 7,500 women had accomplished oversea tours (Holm, 1982, chap. 16). During Operation Just Cause in Panama 1989, a few hundred women served executing refueling missions and resupply missions while being shot at by the enemy (Wilson, 1996, ¶ 6). These missions still were not considered combat missions. <h2> </h2> Women served in large numbers during the Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991. Over 40,000 (Ghajar, n.d., ¶ 8) women reportedly served in the battle between Kuwait and Iraq. These women had set a milestone in women’s history and set record numbers. Today the women serving overseas against the War on Terrorism has helped contribute to the success of the military women. <h2> </h2> The War on Terrorism has brought men and women together. Not fighting against each other about gender but fighting together as a strong force. Even though the military does not consider what women do in Iraq and Afghanistan as combat, many women find themselves in danger at any given moment. The women of these wars have made exceptional achievements and accomplished many successful missions. <h2> </h2> Achievements <h2> </h2> The military has given credit to the well deserved men and women. Women, who helped in the Revolutionary War, were the first to receive pensions. These women, not yet considered military, were recognized for "drawing well water" (Wilson, 1996, Military Women "Firsts" and their History) for soldiers on the battlefield. These women were accredited no matter how small the pension was and today female soldiers receive the same veteran benefits and pensions of male soldiers. But few have received as many awards as their male counterparts. <h2> </h2> The only woman to receive the nation’s highest award, the Medal of Honor, is a Civil War surgeon Dr. Mary Walker. She was awarded the medal, and Congress eventually took it away from her for reasons still not exactly known. After her death, President Carter "reinstated her medal" (Wilson, 1996). There have been many women to receive the Purple Heart, which is the oldest and first military award. <h2> </h2> The Purple Heart is awarded to soldiers who have been injured or killed during combat, directly engaged with enemy. The Purple Heart is an award of honor and is held in high regard. With the awards come honor but to receive honor one must receive rank that deserves respect. <h2> </h2> Recently the first female was given the rank of four-star General. This is the highest commissioned rank in the military. Army Gen. Ann Dunwoody was promoted in November of 2008, which shifted the outlook on women officers (CNN, 2008). Women have served all branches and parts of the military. <h2> </h2> The Army’s non-commissioned officers (NCO) are thought to be the "backbone of the Army". These NCOs train and fight next to their soldiers guiding them through their battles. There are only a few exceptional women NCOs documented, but there are many who have served. These NCOs stand for, what the military is; they fight beside their soldiers and lead from the front. Women have participated in the long tradition of the NCO ranks. Women NCOs have showed that they too can do what is right and lead the force. <h2> </h2> Even though there are more men given awards of merit and so forth; the women have stood by these soldiers doing the same job. The physical fitness and training standards may be different, but these soldiers work together to get the mission accomplished. <h2> </h2> Feminizing the Military <h2> </h2> Many people will argue that women do not belong in the military or front lines because the obvious physical difference. Can a woman carry the same weight as a man on her back? Can a woman run as far as the man running beside her? <h2> </h2> The military adopted the different physical standards to help provide fair evaluations of female recruits. Some female soldiers are able to run further then male soldiers, some may even be able to carry a heavy load longer distances than men. These standards are set in place to help women overcome the physical differences. The training of soldiers though does not have the same standards. <h2> </h2> Training in a co-ed environment may be a little stricter on language and harder on sexual harassment. The women are trained in the same areas of men and are given the exact evaluations. These training units instill a tough sexual harassment and equal opportunity policy. Still with these policies in place there is a list of units and batteries that women are not allowed to train for ("Women in the Army", n.d., ¶ 7). These units are thought to be ones that would send a woman into direct combat. <h2> </h2> A unit that does go into direct battle needs support soldiers, these support elements are: criminal intelligence, clerical, medical, military police, civil affairs, engineers and signal. Women are allowed to serve in all support units and go to war with the combat units. The support elements will engage in missions that will put women on the front lines. And even though the military will not recognize women serving in combat, in a support MOS, a soldier will be in the line of danger and fight along with the combat soldiers. <h2> </h2> Views on Women in the Military <h2> </h2> The combat readiness of female soldiers is a long debate. There are many that believe that because of a woman’s emotional needs that do not belong on the battlefields. Some say women are a distraction to men on the battlefields and women cannot carry the same load as men. <h2> </h2> Today there are numerous women serving in support units which complete dangerous missions daily. The military prohibits women serving in line units (infantry) (Norris, 2007, ¶ 4) but females are part of a specialized unit themselves. The War on Terrorism brought a new threat, women suicide bombers. <h2> </h2> The Muslim beliefs made it hard for male soldiers to search Muslim women properly who could be hiding critical information or weapons. The military designed a group of women, usually belonging to a military police unit, to conduct missions with combat units to help search the women. The "Lioness" proved to play a very important role in the ground war (Solaro, 2006, chap. 3). <h2> </h2> These women help show respect to the Muslim beliefs and are very important in the War on Terrorism. This job puts these women on the front lines and many women in these units find themselves in battles with the enemy. These women know all to well the effects of war and have firsthand experience. Again, the military will not acknowledge that they put women on the front lines, they are there. <h2> </h2> Our history has shown us that no matter one’s race, religion or gender; oneself can be successful in this country. A woman can run a business just as well as a male. An African American woman can run the same business. And a Muslim, African American woman can run the business just the same. <h2> </h2> Women and men of many races and religions fight the war together, proving the country is united. This lets our enemies know the United States of America does have equality and will rise from our shortcomings. The military may not recognize women are on the front lines because of the policies, but the women overseas know better. They are fighting alongside the male soldiers in direct combat and, they are just as important to the success of the war. Virginia Woolf a British author once said "As a woman I have no country. As a woman my country is my whole world." <h2> </h2> <br /> References Chamber of Commerce. (2007). U.S. Census Bureau News Release Available from Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/cb07ff-03.pdf CNN (2008). Army general is nation’s first four-star woman. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/11/14/woman.4.star.general/index.html Ghajar, L. (n.d.). Persian Gulf War. Retrieved January 10, 2009, from Hagen, M. (2004). Women in the Military. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from http://www.mscd.edu/~history/camphale/wim_001.html Holm, J. (1982). Women in the Military an Unfinished Revolution. Novato, CA: Presidio Press. Lewis, J. (n.d.). About Women and World War II. Retrieved January 3, 2009, from http://womenshistory.about.com/od/warwwii/a/military.htm Norris, M. (2007, October 1, 2007). Roles for Women in U.S. Army Expand. NPR. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14869648 Solaro, E. (2006). Women in the Line of Fire: What You Should Know About Women in the Military. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press. Wilson, B. (1996). Military Women "Firsts" and their History. Retrieved January 5, 2009, from http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/firsts.html Wilson, B. (1996). Vietnam-Southeast Asia. Retrieved December 29,2008, from http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvetsnam.html Women in the Army-Historical Highlights. (n.d.) Retrieved January 11, 2009 , from http://www.asamra.army.mil/eo/eo_docs/Women in the Army - Historical Highlights.doc Woolf, V. (n.d.). World of Quotes. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from http://www.worldofquotes.com/author/Virginia-Woolf/1/index.html<br /> <h2> </h2> harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-817880883493854237.post-40270816693188195602009-06-23T13:17:00.001-07:002009-06-23T13:17:19.684-07:00WOMEN EMPOWERMENT <p> Normal 0 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT<br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Women constitute almost 50% of the world's population. As per as their social status is concerned, they are not treated as equal to men in all the places. Empowering may be understood as enabling people, especially women to acquire and possess power resources, in order to make decision on their own or resist decisions that are made by others that affect them. A person may said to be powerful when he/she has control over a large portion of power resources in society. The extent of possession of various resources such as personal wealth, such as land skills, education, information, knowledge, social status, position held, leadership trains, capabilities of mobilization.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> It is now widely believed that empowerment of women i.e., providing equal rights, opportunities and responsibilities to women, will go a long way in removing the existing gender discrimination. Women empowerment in contemporary Indian society in forms of their work, education, health and media images in the forms of<br /><br /> their work, education, health and media images in the context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their participation in social and political activities, their legal status in terms of marriage, divorce and inheritance of property, seeking wealth care should be taken into consideration. Empowerment in terms of knowledge and awareness of ones own life and society including legal raise their status with regarded to the lives. While empowerment deals with her or his expectation arising out of the situation. Similarly, a role deals with duties and obligations wile empowerment deals with rights. For instance, it is commonly assumed that the most is a woman, a wife a cook, a teacher of her children and daughter-in-law and so on.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Introduction</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Women constitute almost 50% of the world's population. As per as their social status is concerned, they are not treated as equal to men in all the places, through in the western countries women are treated on par with men in most of the fields, their counterpart in the east suffers from many disabilities. The disabilities on the one hand and the inequalities between men and women on the other, have given rise to what is known "Gender problem". All one the world and particularly in South and East Asia and Africa the gender problem has assumed importance during the recent years the gender issue has become virtually a crucial point of argument. It is now widely believed that empowerment of women i.e., providing equal rights, opportunities and responsibilities to women, will go a long way in removing the existing gender discrimination. Women empowerment in contemporary Indian society in forms of their work, education, health and media images in the forms of their work, education, health and media images in the context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their participation in social and political activities, their legal status in terms of marriage, divorce and inheritance of property, seeking wealth care should be taken into consideration. Empowerment in terms of knowledge and awareness of ones own life and society including legal raise their status with regarded to the lives.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Meaning</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Before thinking about the empowerment of women, one needs to understand the exact meaning of the word empowerment. According to Cambridge English Dictionary empowerment means "to authorize". In the context of the people they have to be authorized to have control over their lives. When applied in the context of development the particular segment of population, the poor, the women, the vulnerable, the weak, the oppressed and the discriminated have to be "empowered" to have control over their lives to better their socioeconomic and political conditions,. But the questions raised are, who empowers them and how to empower them? Ideally speaking no one empowers any one, the best way us 'self empowerment', by the segments of population mentioned above are handicapped both structurally and culturally to empower themselves without any outside help and affirmative action by the State and others. But still as long as these segments of population does not make any effort at self employment. It would be long and arduous task and process for the outsiders to empower them.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> </p> <p><strong>Role of women in development process</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><br /><br /> The principal of gender equality was recognized in the United Nations Charter in 1945 and the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the majority of development planners did not fully address the role of women in development process. In 1975, the first UN Conference of Women and Development was held<br /><br /> at maxico city under the motto, "Equality, Development and peace". The need to integrate women into development was internationally proclaimed in the 1995 Bejing Conference. The Economic Survey (1999-2000) used an entire section on<br /><br /> gender inequality. It began with a reminder of the commitment made in the ninth plan document of allocating 30 per cent of resources for women's development schemes through "Women's Component Plans". According to Menon and Probhu (2001), there was a strong plea for investing in women's equality on the ground that this made economic sense and spoke of "the social rate of return on investment in women" being greater that the corresponding rate for men. According to Paten (2002), women's development can be attained by improving here status and bargaining power in the economy.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> Sushma Sachay (1998) argues that approaches and strategic for women<br /><br /> empowerment could be possible by outlining the mechanisms and tools that till<br /><br /> influence for women empowerment. Decisions making process, multidimensional<br /><br /> process that are enable worn to realize their full identity and powers in all walks<br /><br /> of life.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Concept of Women Empowerment</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Empowering may be understood as enabling people, especially women to acquire and possess power resources, in order to make decision on their own or resist decisions that are made by others that affect them. A person may said to be powerful when he/she has control over a large portion of power resources in society. The extent of possession of various resources such as personal wealth, such as land skills, education, information, knowledge, social status, position held, leadership trains, capabilities of mobilization.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> The National Policy on Education (1986) suggested certain strategies to empower women. Accordingly, women become empowered through collective reflections and decision making enable them to become agency of social change.<br /><br /> The global conference on Women Empowerment (1988), highlighted empowerment as the best way of making own partners in development the development of women and children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) program was initiated as a sub scheme of the national wide poverty alleviation program i.e., the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP). It aims at imparting self reliance to rural areas through income generating skill s along with group organization skills. Keeping this in view the year 2001 was celebrated as "The Women's Empowerment Year". Human resource development and empowerment of women unlock the door for modernization of society,. Instated of remaining as passive beneficiaries, women must become active partner. Participation and control over resources of power are considered as the critical indicators in the process of development discharged women especially in rural areas, possess the least proportion of these resources and as a result they are powerless and dependent on the powerful and wealthy.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Role and Empowerment</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> We will now realize the vital importance of the terms such as role, empowerment and function for an understanding of society. These terms tell us how individual and groups organize themselves as well as relate to each other. Very simple, role tells us about what is expected from individuals in a particular situation. While empowerment deals with her or his expectation arising out of the situation. Similarly, a role deals with duties and obligations wile empowerment deals with rights. For instance, it is commonly assumed that the most is a women, a wife a cook, a teacher of her children and daughter-in-law and so on. What happens when the mother is also the principal of the local village school? Not only does she have to deal with a range of roles and empowerments, but also with he tensions that may raise out of her ole s mother and her role as an administrator.<br /><br /> "Woman reposes more closely on the central surface of life, while man hunts it in the boundaries of existence, always concerned to overcome, and in the last analysis, to kill. A woman has a secret alliance with eternal life and man with the principle of death. Woman wants to embrace the contradiction of life and to reconcile them in the act of degree so. Man on the other hand release the tension between opposites by annihilating one of the sides, the one he finds unpleasant. He seeks the solution not in love and reconciliation, but in over coming and annihilation. He has a militant and not an erotic manner. The male principle borne of isolation, makes solitude thermal, seeks being in itself and disturbs life as a wholes his being is battle and self service, his willto- life is concerned with ascertaining his own person or overthrowing that of the stranger until the motive of salvation kindles with in him. Woman with her sustaining constitutions is at one and is harmony with the basis of the world. But man wants to change the world to bring it forward to overcome it".<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Women's Empowerment in Contemporary India</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Contemporary Indian society has been exposed to the broad processes of social transformation, agricultural modernization and economic development, urbanization and globalization. However, these processes have generated regional imbalances, sharpened class inequalities and augmented the gender disparities. Hence, women have become critical symbols of these growing imbalances. All these have affected adversely the various aspects of women's empowerment in the contemporary Indian society. The family and women's work is not enough to say that any society consists of men and women. It is equally important to look at how the two groups of people interact, as well as at the role and exceptions each group has of the other. Such roles and exceptions are a product of the stereotypes of each gender. By gender stereotype we mean attributes and qualities commonly associated with a gender. Thus, the first idea on gender role differences, which a child acquires, is that of women of one's family marrying and leaving their homes to leave with different groups of people. Secondly, men appear to exercise far greater influence in decision making and are far more visible and audible than their wives. Third most of the tasks within the home are done by the mother, grandmother, sisters and so on. At meal times they carry food to the fields for the men. All these tasks, which consume time and energy, are not counted as work and there is no payment involved. In western countries, women's groups, politicians and other concerned individuals have been arguing for payment for house work and childcare. In India, the question of payment for household jobs has not really been an important issue or demand. As we shall see, there are many other issues, which require urgent attention. At the same time, it is important for us to remember that non-payment should not also mean non-recognition. The fact that women are expected to perform all these tasks as a part of their conventional roles and on special merit is awarded to them for these tiring and tiresome jobs.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> </p> <p><strong>Women's work participation</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><br /><br /> As per to 1981 figures 19.7 per cent Indian women were recorded as paid workers. Of whom over 87 per cent were in the unrecognized or informal sector of the economy. The work participation rate woman in 1991and 2001 was 22.3 and 25.7 per cent respectively. The increase in the work participation of women during the decade 1991-2001 is mainly due to the increase in the proportion of marginal workers (6.3 per cent to 11 per cent) in total female work force. It is held<br /><br /> by many observation of Indian economy that without women's paid or unpaid labour the Indian agricultural economy would not be able to function. In the informal sector, there is no legal redressal for problems; no maternity or other leave benefits and little security of service. Working long hours as domestic servants, stitching clothes for the garment export industry, working on the assembly line of small electronics manufacturing units or the beedi, tobacco, cashew nut factories. A woman lives in fear of retrenchment, exploitation and low<br /><br /> wages.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Women's Self-perception</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> According to Maithreyi Krishna Raj that though women were concerned about continuing their jobs, they were not looking for better prospects nor have they begun with a long-range carrier strategy. Once in a job, women rarely attempted to acquire further qualifications was by no means clear-cut. T.S. Papola's study of workingwomen, which covered a range from those in supervisory post in industrial establishments to unskilled workers, showed that women were more different than men in respect of their promotion prospects.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Employer's Attitude</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Papol's study showed that women were discriminated against at the time of promotions tended to be crowded into lower status electrical and primary school jobs. They were rarely promoted to executive and supervisory posts. As regards employment and promotion to supervisory category, male employers defend themselves by pointing out that women did not come forth to be recruited or promoted.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Traditional Positions of Authority in Urban Areas</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> In the urban areas, the working class, and men in particular have a wide range of job options available to them. The study by Leela Kasturi shows that when unemployed weavers from Tamil Nadu migrant to Delhi, the women folk found jobs only as domestic servants. While men become mechanics, cooks or drivers. The shift in residence meant a severance with an established way of life and the support of the extended family.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Working Conditions</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> For the majority of working class women, a job is essential. In relation to the limited chances for occupational mobility, when men and women work in the same occupation, female tasks are often the more arduous and time consuming. For instance, in paddy cultivation they spend long hours in sowing, weeding transplanting. In Kerala the extraction of the cashew seed from a corrosive liquid is women's work. Again when both sexes do identical jobs, women often get paid<br /><br /> less than man. Protests are rare, apart from ignorance of legal and other rights; there is a fear of exploitation and sexual harassment by the landlord or contractor.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>Traditional Role Expectations</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> Irrespective of social class there is at the level of belief, widespread commitment to the nation that a women's job just not interfere or compete with her primary role of wife and mother. There is also concern with her physical safety and the respectability of the occupation. Clearly, working class familiar are far less able to ensure circumstances. NGO's SHGs have been working to promote women more viable towards social, political, economic and cultural development micro finance is a significant factor and accessible to small and micro enterprises, socio-economic progress of poor women. Education and training also plays a major role in changing the life of poor women. The several institutions have been extending all types of vocational training, income generating activities and self-employment activities for poor women.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> Empowerment of women is mainly related to their participation in decision making with regard to raising and distribution of resources i.e., income, investments and expenditures at all levels. Even though the Government of Karnataka has formulated and implemented various schemes of the social economic and overall development of the rural women, when the present position<br /><br /> of women is taken into account these schemes do not appear effective in enhancing the confidence and capability of the women. Empowering the poor women in rural areas to sustain their surrounding ecology is a necessity not only to stoop the ecological degradation but also for the physical survival of poor people. Almost every village in India has what is called "Common Property Resources (CDPs). Common Property Resources can be defined as "those resources, which are exploited by all people in the village free of cost by expending their labour.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <strong>References:</strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> <strong> </strong><br /><br /> 1. Chiranjeevulu, T. (2003). Empowering Women through Self-Help Groups - Experiences in Experiment, Kurukshetra, March.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 2. Gopalan, Sarala (2002). Towards Equality - The Unfinished Agenda. Status of Women in India, National Commission for Women, New Delhi.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 3. Kapadia, Karin (2002). The Violence of Development: The Politics of Identity, Gender and Social Inequalities in India. Kali for Women, New Delhi.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 4. Krishnaraj, Maithreyi (2002). Growth and Rural Poverty. Economic and Political Weekly, September 21.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 5. Manohar, Sujatha (2002). Women's Empowerment - Law and Gender Justice. Paper Presented in the International Women's Day, 8th March 2001. Department of Women and Child Development, New Delhi.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 6. Sarkar, C.R. (2004). Poverty, Education and Economic Development.</p> harrybespinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00353020546854552108noreply@blogger.com0